Article is devoted to the analysis of system of agriculture of No-Till which allows to lower fuel expenses three times. In it it is told about introduction of this most modern in the world of technology of processing of the soil in the village May the Sinelnikovsky region of the Dnepropetrovsk area in "Agro-union" on 12 thousand hectares of agricultural holdings since 1997.
Article is intended for heads and experts of agricultural formations of various form of ownership.
The system of agriculture of No-Till allows to lower fuel expenses three times
- Agrotechnology level on agricultural enterprise in Mayyosky above, than average uroven the American farms. How Ukrainian "Agro-union", only our best farmers – skazal to "the Truth of Ukraine James Cook, the professor of university of the State of Washington, the member of the Ameriyokansky national akadeyomiya of the sciences, one of the most avtoyoritetny in the USA experts in an agrotechnology work.
And there was it directly in the field of near village of the May, Sinelnikovsky area, Dnepropetyorovsky area. In the last dates of June there passed the International konferenyotsiya on resource-saving agriculture of "No-Till/ConservationAgriculture". May not sluyochayno became a venue of this conference and already, kstati, the third). Exactly here on 12 thousand hectares of selyyoskokhozyaystvenny grounds of "Agro-union" this most modern in the world the technology of processing pochvy is applied since 1997. And in the next conference prinyali participation about 400 selkhozyoproizvoditel – rukovoditeyoly farms and agriculturists from Ukyoraina, Russia, Kazakhstan, Molyodova. As experts 12 veyodushchy experts made a speech at conference from the USA, Canada, Germany, Kazakhstan. Ukraine.
What is No-Till? The name occurs from two English words notillage – "not to plow". This technology of zero processing of the soil offers refusal of any mechanical way of a rykhyoleniye of the soil: plowed lands, kultivayotsiya, boronovaniye and to that podobnogo. Only crops and harvesting. At the expense of it the lion’s share of expenses of combustible and chelovechesyoky work is saved, the potrebyonost in agricultural a tekhyonik decreases. Only fuel expenses upon transition from the traditional technology providing a plowed land by an otvalny plow, to No-Till it is reduced on the average three times. It is excessive to speak, what znacheyony it has at dependence on import energy carriers.
In one only Connected / States of America, where as izvestyono, the most effective in the world the rasyoteniyevodstvo, the areas under No-Till only from 1990 to 2000 grew with 6,5 to 21 million hectares, that is almost in 3,5 times.
However sceptics involuntarily have a question: after all in everything mire throughout centuries and tysyayocheletiya peasants plowed the earth. Really our ancestors were takimi silly, what throughout many centuries couldn’t comprehend the benefit?
- Traditional processing of the earth by a plow, certainly, has the advantages – professor James Cook speaks. – When plowing the earth there is a complete seal of the vegetative remains, semena weeds get deeply under the earth and their most part unable sprouts. Besides, nutrients from the soil "are as though set" free. But it has also a set of shortcomings. First of all – it znayochitelno more expensive, than No-Till – is required much more operations. From the beginning of introduction of industrial technologies paxoty quality of soil started to decrease neukyolonno. There is a vyyosushivaniye of the top layer of earth and as the result – increasing masshtaby is got by a water and vetyorovy erosion. Since 1980, in Soyoedinennykh Shtatakh the most part of farmers started to refuse from traditional otvalny vspashki. First the wide rasprostrayoneniye instead of plows was received by cultivators. But also it was poluyomery. To year in the 90th sowing campaigns kompleksy which in general leave an eddish in the field started to be applied widely. It also is No-Till.
According to data of the United Nations, only for the last half a century our planet lost the fifth part of the top fertile layer pochvy. And after all each percent gumusa in the soil – it under other ravyony conditions – 6 – 10 dopolniyotelny centners of a crop zeryonovy on hectare.
At minimization of mekhanichesyoky impact on the soil, kotoyory occurs at No-Till system introduction, in the earth vosstanavlivayutsya natural processes, at natural "builders" – mikyoro-and macroorganisms – poyavlyaetsya possibility to renew the biological activity for the benefit of preservation and a priumnozheyoniya of organic and mineral substances. In the soil there live roots of rasyoteniye, viruses, bacteria, fungi, algas, the elementary odnokleyotochny, pincers, worms, ants, larvae and other insects, and also animals. At it a mnogoobyoraziya of microorganisms and mikrofauny daily need for a food and energy. The farmer should remember: Grain – for the person, an eddish – for the soil. Bases stable a zemleyodeliya which conducts to increase of stability of resources urozhajnosti lands are that. Profitability of an agricultural proizvodyostvo depends on quality of the soil the nayopryamy: in the USA and South America where the No-Till technology started to introduce about 20 years ago, prime cost of ton of wheat makes $50 – 60. In Ukyorain where, however, priderzhivayutsya traditional a zemledeyoliya, this indicator inevitably comes nearer to $100.
Why, if No-Till so xorosh, it began widely rasprostranyatsya in the world only two deyosyatiletiya back? On that is three reasons: No-Till is impossible without system application of effekyotivny and rather cheap herbicides which destroy weeds "instead of" plowing, sootveyotstvuyushchy sowing equipment, and also sufficient information on essence of this system and osobenyonost of its application. All this poyavilos in the world just about 20 years ago.
But now all this is and in Ukrayoin. Since 2001, a korpoyoratsiya "Agro-union" makes in cooperation with a German komyopaniya of "HorschMaschinenGmbH" sowing complexes and kultivayotor Horsch – the Agro-union shiriyony 12 and 18 meters, and also bunkeyory-loaders Horsch – Agro-Soyoyuz UW200, units for a vneseyoniya of liquid AVZhU-2AC fertilizers. Why Horsch – Agro-Soyoyuz, instead of is simple Horsch? Yes poyoty that Ukrainians usovershenstvovali German models, makyosimalno having adapted them for usyoloviya of Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstayon. And it is enough one such complex to sow 12 thousand hectares as it occurs in May.
It is possible to receive on Dnepropetrovshchin and an exhaustive inforyomatsiya about the No-Till technology. Konfeyorentsy on being self-restored agriculture take place in Maysyoky two times a year. Work at base "Agro-union" and Schools field diagnostiki crops and agromanagement.
Are available nowadays and modern herbicides.
(On newspaper materials Truth of Ukraine).
Comment
Vladimir TARASENKO, Candidate of Biology, director of the department of the state environmental monitoring and examination of Ministry for Protection of the Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine:
- I was struck simply by the highest level of managing of "Agro-union". I heard about this agricultural enterprise earlier much, but arrived here for the first time. And seen by own eyes surpassed all expectations.
Ministry for Protection of the Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine doesn’t prosecute directly subjects of development of agricultural industry. But the No-Till technology not only ekonomicheski is effective for farmers, it has also big prirodoyookhranny value. Thanks to it not only the risk of a water and wind soil erosion from which in recent years Ukraine osoyobenno suffers is practically eliminated, but also the content of carbon in a humus is restored by a natural way, fertility of the soil will try. And it already – - our competence.
The prospect within the international Kyoto Protocol is now looked through to receive for the agricultural enterprises introducing the No-Till technology, the grant at the expense of the countries exceeding the quotas of emissions of harmful substances, in particular, of carbon in atmosferu. While such mechanism which really would work, still isn’t present. But Canada initiated its creation, almost in a categorical form, threatening to leave the Kyoto Protocol in general otherwise. Now our country, in the person of Ministry for Protection of the Environment and Natural Resources, together with Canada, Argenyotina and Australia create the working group which will be lobbirovat it. The question, most likely, will be positively solved. And very much xotelos that the international grants were received by ukrainyosky peasants.