In article of the APP Kramsky institute recommendations about application of mineral fertilizers at soya cultivation are made. The special attention is given to nitric fertilizers, and also an inokulyatsiya of seeds of a soya.
The soya demands large numbers of elements of a food, however its biological features allow to use well posteffect of mineral and organic fertilizers, to fix molecular nitrogen of air in symbiosis with klubenkovy bacteria, to acquire
The soya demands large numbers of elements of a food, however its biological features allow to use well posteffect of mineral and organic fertilizers, to fix molecular nitrogen of air in symbiosis with klubenkovy bacteria, to acquire remote forms of phosphorus at the expense of mikorizoobrazuyushchy mushrooms. Needs of a soya for food elements rather high as for formation of one centner of seeds 8,8 kg of nitrogen, 2,8 kg of phosphorus, 3,6 kg of potassium are necessary. The main quantities of these elements are acquired in formation and naliva seeds though consumption of phosphorus proceeds almost to a full soyozrevaniye.
These fertilizers bring in the autumn before the main processing of the soil. Because recommended grades possess good azotfiksiruyushchy ability, in the conditions of the South of Ukraine at a soya crop to 25 c/hectares application of nitric fertilizers on the majority of types of soils is economically inexpedient. Introduction of "starting" doses of nitrogen in number of 20-30 kg/hectares detains education klubenkov and reduces their nitrogenazny activity. Doses of nitrogen of 100-120 kg/hectares promote increase of a crop of a soya in the absence of a klubenkoobrazovaniye. Use rizotorfina is more preferable both in an economic otnoyosheniye, and on action on plants. Usually one gektaroportsiya of bacterial fertilizer costs no more than 20 hryvnias, for its introduction it is not required additional equipment and the equipment. Nitric fertilizers can’t replace rizotorfin, because their action with plants variously. Mineral nitrogen promotes powerful development of vegetative weight as it is acquired generally in the first half of vegetation. In flowering and naliva seeds when the soya needs the greatest number of this element, inokulirovanny plants have essential advantage before fed up by mineral nitrogen. Action rizotorfina positively affects not only crop size, but also on the content of protein in seeds.
Rizotorfin represents a preparation of the highly effective klubenkovy bacteria multiplied in sterile peat and being in an active condition. It looks like the humidified loose weight of dark color forming at dissolution in water quickly being stratified suspension. One gram of a preparation contains not less than 2,5 billion active klubenkovy bacteria. On one hectare bring 200 g rizotorfina. Term of its validity of 6 months. A preparation let out in plastic bags on 200, 400, 600 and 800 grams. On a label it is specified under what culture is intended, the strain of klubenkovy bacteria, preparation term, is given the short instruction on its application. To vneseniyarizotorfin store at temperature 12-15°C in a dark dry room separately from yadoximikatov.
Processing of seeds of a soya (inokulyatsiya) carry out directly ahead of sowing manually or mekhaniziyorovanny way. For this purpose seeds fill on m canvas in the size 3 x 4, humidify them with water or solution of a prilipatel (a concentrate bards, latex, treacle, the paste, the removed milk), mix, pollinate rizotorfiny and again mix before uniform distribution of a preparation to surfaces of seeds and zatarivayut in bags. Inokulyatsy should be carried out to a field under a canopy or in a warehouse. It is necessary to remember that the seed peel at a soya very gentle and quickly absorbs water. Therefore when processing rizotorfiny the amount of liquid should sostavlyat 0,8 – 1,0 l on 100 kg of seeds, to moisten seeds more convenient from a manual sprayer.
The mechanized inokulyatsiya can be carried out by cars for a protravlivaniye of seeds PU-3, PSSh-3, AS-2, APZ-10, PS-10, "Ear", "Mobitoks" and others. Before operation of the car it is necessary to clear carefully of the remains yadoximikatov, to wash out and neutralize according to health regulations.
The biological azotfiksatsiya is closely connected with photosynthesis. Therefore for formation of high efficiency of crops it is necessary to aspire to that both these processes had the maximum value.
Processing of seeds before sowing by solution molibdata ammonium-sodium at the rate of 40-50 g of molybdenum on hectare gives good results. It promotes azotfiksatsiya and photosynthesis activization that finally conducts to increase in a crop.
E.N. Turin, younger research associate of laboratory of plant growing and kormoproizvodstvo of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN, Robenko Yu.A.