In this publication the author attaches importance of innovative activity and a science at removal of national economy from a crisis state. Measures for revival of investment climate for commercialization of results of scientific search are offered. Types of innovations essentially influencing economic development are allocated. The big role is allocated for innovative structures on introduction of achievements of a science in agrarian production.
Innovative activity at this stage – one of key levers of removal of national economy from a crisis state. The generator of innovative process which provides high-quality structural shifts in economic system, the science is. In decrease in its role in ensuring socioeconomic advance often see the reason of decrease in production efficiency, and, in particular, the agrarian.
In view of that the main problem consists not in absence of effective resource-saving technologies for agricultural production, or insufficiency of the qualified potential for their practices, and generally in discrepancy of available level of economic and technical development of agrarian sector to the offered parameters of innovations. Creation of conditions for revival of investment climate, adjustment of the motivational mechanism which would focus scientists on commercialization of results of scientific search will be more effective. The following measures could become prime:
release from the taxation of agroformations which are involved in implementation of the state scientific and technical programs, programs of the State fund of basic researches and the State innovative fund;
introduction for a certain term of the differentiated rates of the taxation of agricultural enterprises depending on a part of the means directed on innovative activity;
state support of preferential long-term crediting of priority investment projects.
Radical high-quality changes in development of agrarian and industrial complex will be provided only thanks to innovative nature of development of agrarian economy which constantly generates need for innovations.
It is possible to determine value of an innovation by such criteria as novelty, a utility level and speed of receiving economic effect.
Scientists distinguish five main types of innovations which essentially influence economic development:
production of a new product for consumers on whom the businessman is guided;
introduction in economic (production) activity of new production methods;
gain and development of the new market of realization of the production;
development of a new source of raw materials;
new organization of production.
In Ukraine, according to the author, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for innovative activity – the most flexible indicator of a condition and competitiveness of the enterprise. When this activity in the conditions of fast expansion of NTP decreases, the enterprise loses positions in the market, the production device quickly grows old, investment and technological and economic crises are developed. At activization of innovative activity on the basis of continuous process of technical and technological updating of production preconditions for overcoming of crisis and a depression, transition to restoration of production and increase of its competitiveness begin.
In the sixties in industrialized countries the increase in production at 40 % was reached at the expense of capital investments; for 30 % – additional attraction of labor, professional development and labor productivity; for 20 % – use of innovative potential (discoveries, inventions and introduction of the latest technologies, etc.); 10 % – other factors. In the eighties ratios on major factors (as a percentage) respectively was 30:16:40:14. In other words, value of innovative potential essentially raised.
Nowadays the science abroad finds the expressions through such forms as science and technology parks, technopolises, incubators of innovative business, and also the small private enterprises. These innovative structures proved as the effective mechanism of generation of enterprise structures in the scientific sphere.
In agroindustrial production the innovative mechanism has big need for formation of agroindustrial innovative structures, such as agroindustrial scientific parks, agroscience and technology parks, agrobusiness – inkubaor, the agroindustrial territorial centers, etc. This innovative struktkry act as a connecting link of an agrarian science with agroformations and commercial introduction of achievements by the last in the market.
Agroindustrial scientific parks are created on the basis of leading agricultural educational institutions and research and design and economic institutes. On floor spaces and the skilled land lots of these base establishments develop new technologies of cultivation of crops, contents and otkorma animals, create new types of agricultural cars and tools, carry out selection and genetic researches. Here the base organizations together with commercial structures and individuals create venture innovative firms which in case of effective activity enter the free market.
Agroscience and technology parks organize generally on the basis of the skilled agrarian enterprises. Their main task is development and a kommerchtsializatsiya of advanced technologies on processing of agricultural production. Science and technology parks introduce the approved technologies in large-scale market production.
(On magazine materials Ekonom_ka of agrarian and industrial complex).