In the publication it is a question of development of hydrogen power for receiving electric and thermal energy in the course of hydrogen use. The presidium of NAN of Ukraine approved the target comprehensive program of scientific researches Fundamental problems of hydrogen power.
The key condition of transition to hydrogen power is a creation of reliable and economically expedient fuel cells at which mobile phones, computers, cars, power plants can work.
What will be, when on Earth stocks of oil, coal and gas will end? Today scientists already know the answer to this question: in the near future the non-polluting and inexhaustible source will come to change to traditional types of fuel – hydrogen. Therefore in many countries of the world of research in the field of hydrogen power became the priority directions of development of a science, they are provided with financial support of the state and business structures. At a present stage of development of hydrogen technologies a main objective is reduction of dependence on traditional energy carriers.
Hydrogen power – this receiving electric and thermal energy in processe hydrogen uses. The elementary example: if through water to pass an elektricheyosky current, it decays on oxygen and hydrogen. This process is called as electrolysis. But vozyomozhno and the return: if two atoms of hydrogen soedinit with atom of oxygen, turn out molekula waters, electrons, so, poyavitsya electric energy are formed. A fuel cell (a topyolivny element), or an electrochemical geneyorator – the device for receiving an elektroeneryogiya by means of the described processes.
How we receive the electric power today? We burn gas, coal, oil, we heat up to high temperature water and we evaporate it, and already the vapor jet rotates the turbine … That is at first there is a thermal process, further – mechanical and tolko the electric power then turns out. And in toplivyony cells chemical process directly conducts to obtaining electric energy. Koefficient useful effect reaches 80 percent. Besides, completely there are no harmful emissions in the atmosphere, a product of a reakyotsiya is only water.
The world boom in the field of hydrogen power should draw attention of experts of NAN of Ukraine, and many the academic and branch institutes in the 60-80th years of the last century uspeshyono worked in this area. Recently the presidium of NANU approved the target comprehensive program of scientific researches Fundamental problemy hydrogen power. The scientific council programmy was headed by the vice-president of NAN of Ukraine academician Vitaly Dmitriyevich Pokhodenko. In centre attention of researches of experts of the distinguished scientific directions – chemists, physicists, materialovedov, microbiologists, economists – priyooritetny processes and technologies of receiving vodoroda, new materials for its storage, a nakopleyoniya, transportations and a power ispolzoyovaniye. And still a key condition of transition to hydrogen power – this creation of reliable and economically expedient fuel cells at which mobile phones, computers, cars, power plants, snabzhayuyoshchy can work as a city and village electricity. Nowadays cost of the experimental car with topyolivny cells makes abroad $100-200 thousand. If in the near future udastsya to approach the price of such cars to benzinoyovy, it becomes real alternative to traditional oil fuel in the countries, importiruyoyushchy oil. Ponder: again the person repeats the device created by the nature for an energy poyolucheniye?! Biochemists established that the bioyologichesky hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell "is built in" in each live cage. As Isyotochnik of hydrogen the food serves in an organism – fats, proteins and carbohydrates. In a stomach, intestines, cages it finally decays to monoyomer who, in turn, after a number of himiyochesky transformations give hydrogen, prisoyediyonenny to a molecule carrier, for example, a part molecule of glucose. Oxygen from air gets to blood through lungs, incorporates with geyomoglobiny and is carried on all fabrics. Process of compound of hydrogen with oxygen makes a basis of bio-energetics of an organism. Here in blagoyopriyatny conditions (moderate temperature, noryomalny pressure, the water environment) the chemical eneryogiya with high efficiency turns in thermal, mechanical (dvizheyony muscles), electric (an electric slope), light (the insects radiating light). All processy in the nature are very rational, therefore steps on real use of fuel cells give hope of the power future.
For implementation of the program are allocated while modest public funds. In dalneyyoshy plans of NAN of Ukraine – attraction of the finanyosovy help of commercial structures. After all if not to hurry in this global business, it is possible to get to dependence on those countries, which vyigrayut in technological race for possession the voyodorodny engine.
(On materials All Ukraine technical newspaper).