In article the description of agrotechnical actions on the care of crops of flax, preparation of the soil, application of fertilizers, fight against weed vegetation is given.
Flax sow in the early spring, after crops early grain (summer barley, oats). Seeds sprout it at soil temperature – +3-+ 4°S, shoots appear at – +6-+ 8°Ci maintain spring frosts – 4-5°S, but at long return of colds cotyledons are damaged, the sprout turns yellow and shoots perish.
Optimum temperature for initial growth of plants of flax +15-+ 18°S. More high temperatures negatively affect development of shoots which in these conditions stop growth and can lose leaves. Optimum temperature in a phase naliva and maturing of seeds, in the presence of moisture in the soil, +25-+ 27°S. Flax olive to moisture is more exacting, than grain therefore well responds on an irrigation.
The best predecessors for flax – winter and summer grain, zlakobobovy, long-term bean herbs, bakhchevy. The main requirement to the predecessor – not a contamination of fields weeds. Flax crops on sunflower, a soya, a castor-bean tree and its repeated crops (return on a former place not earlier than 6-8 years) aren’t allowed.
Flax – rather early culture, it early releases a field, it consider good the predecessor for the winter.
Agrotechnical actions, such as the main preparation of the soil, application of fertilizers it is necessary to carry out since autumn. In the spring, when maturing the soil, cut since autumn zyab cultivate steam cultivators on depth of seal of seeds – to 6 see Nevyravnennuyu since autumn, glybisty zyab as an exception, cultivate twice. The main task of early-spring processings – the maximum preservation of moisture, soil alignment, destruction of wintering and early summer weeds.
Under production conditions an optimum way of crops – the private soldier, with a row-spacing 15 see. To carry out one chemical processing of the crops, the resolved herbicide, than two interrow processings at expanded row-spacings cheaper.
Norm of seeding at continuous crops – 4-5 million/hectares (30-35 to 40 kg/hectares). In early terms sow the minimum norm of seeds (the crop by means of branching, increase in quantity of boxes and seeds in them will be formed). At delay with crops it is necessary to increase norm of seeding (productivity will generally be created at the expense of density). Depth of seal of seeds – 3-5 see Prikatyvaniye annulate shporovymi skating rinks surely.
Care of crops of flax consists in fight against weed vegetation, especially in an initial phase of its development. Herbicides are widely applied to fight against weeds in the phase "fir-trees" at height of 8-10 cm (Lauren, Lontrel and other resolved preparations).
O. Tomashova managing laboratory of agriculture of the AAP UAAN Crimean institute, the candidate of agricultural sciences,
S. Tomashov, senior research associate of laboratory of agriculture.