In this article the author, having visited Poland, draws a conclusion that successes of Poles are reached thanks to diligence of the Polish farmers, and also a skillful agrarian policy of the state and the European Union.
Polish diary
Polish diary
It is covered in diligence of the Polish landowners, support by the state and the European Union
Recently I was lucky vmeste with group of specialists of the Crimean state agrarian educational advice center and a number of doradchy services of Ukraine to visit Poland. The exchange of experience in a preyodostavleniye of the consulting help to agricultural industry, and also in a laboratory assessment of soils, kachestva and safety of selskokhozyaystvenyony production was the purpose of our trip. Thus we visited 28 agricultural enterprises of a different napravlenyonost. Heard and seen involuntarily compared to that is in our country: than we are worse, and whether it is possible at us delat beautiful spiritual and ekonomiyochesky life?.
First impressions
Our train Kiev – Warsaw passed on the Polish territory at o’clock at dawn. Passengers vsmatrivalis in substations flashing behind windows. I will tell – the show was beautiful. We didn’t notice any thrown-out poliyoetilenovy package, a bottle and other garbage. Vmesyoto of it of everything habitual at us, well-groomed territories, strips of fields, flower beds.
At terminal station us it is hospitable vstretila the project manager from the Polish party Teresa Krakovska, it is kind priglasiv in the modern bus of German production. And we went in Old Paul of Pomor voyevodstvo where there is the largest agricultural doradchy center in which we should live, study and get acquainted with the druzhestvenyony country.
The road cloth so equal that is heard only shurshayony wheels, it is possible to read freely – any jolting. At bus stops sound pavilions with small benches for ozhidayuyoshchy passengers.
Having passed on streets gorodka, we admired an ukhozhennost of everyone obekta: private houses, shops. There are places where are established kontejnery – for beaten glass, polyethylene ware, garbage. It not including that near each shop and is simple on roadsides of streets is small garbage boxes. When we approached to the school, meeting half-way pupils greeted us.
In shops surprised the prices. Having examined show-windows with meat and sausage products, dairy products, counted up that they here for 25-30 % are lower, than at us. Also it became somehow rather sad, because from seen a lot of things was and at us when there was still a big uniform power.
That else surprised: in the wood, on places of possible parking, at the beginning of taking away wood, even small roads, to trees podvesheny polyethylene garbage bags. Having passed more than two thousand kilometers, we didn’t see any pogubyolenny tree, a vyzhzhenyony grass though this summer in Poland stood out most hot for the last 220 years.
Poles are proud of the country
On Saturday we arrived in Old Paul, and from there us carried on excursion to the next city of Malbork – the capital of Teutonic kings. Their reziyodentsiya – Gothic locks, certificates of knightly tournaments, severe traditions of the cold and dark Middle Ages – and nowadays strike imagination of poseyotitel. And in the morning, on Sunday, left to the west the Poyomorsky voyevodstvo, kotoyory takes the central place of the Baltic region. It is edge of rich history with the center Gdansk – the big industrial city and the largest port of the country, the great A.Shopengauer’s who was looking for in the philosophical works the reason of human strayodaniye homeland. We wandered on znayomenity small streets of Gdansk, the embankment, admired each building, visited a church. After a dinner pereexali to the well-known resort town of Sopot. Its wide wooden embankment withheld by derevyanyony piles, made of a lisyotvennitsa, leaves on big distance in the sea. Later we still came back to the sea, but already in other places.
Slightly to the east, to border with Russia, there is an ancient city of Frombork. In it shiroko a cathedral known to the Catholic world drew the cathedral duty, combining with scientific activity, great N. Copernicus. There is Foucault’s known pendulum, which rocking zrimo convinces tourists of justice of galileevsky exclamation: Nevertheless it spins!. Admired also the main river of the country Vistula, which protyazhenyonost across Poland – 1165 km. Its waters medlenyono flow among equal fields and when passed through the bridge, were remembered trogatelyyony, returning us by severe times of the Great Patriotic War, a word from M. Bernes’s song: In fields beyond Vistula sleepy….
We got acquainted and with other interesting places and everywhere chuvstvovali the friendly relation, warm warmth.
Gmina, in Poland renders (area), pozhaluj, the greatest influence on social and cultural development of the territories. An evident podyotverzhdeniye to that is arrangement of local roads, gardening and an accomplishment of settlements, laying of various kommuyonikatsiya, the maintenance of nadzoryony services, the high standard of farming and zhivotnovodstva and many other things.
Poles are proud of the country, protect the isyotoriya and traditions. The owner of one of farms invited our delegation to picnic. There were entertainments dishes national kuxni, friendly smiles, a photo for memory, songs at a goyoryashchy fire and when podoshlo time to leave, owners started singing the Polish anthem.
Doradnik pomoshchnik farmer
Acquaintance to activity of service of a selskokhozyaysyotvenny doradnichestvo (agricultural consultation) and its influence on development of agricultural industry and predyoprinimatelstvo in the rural zone – was a main objective of our visit to Poland.
Agricultural doradcha service here – the state structure. This link between authorities, agentstvami, the processing enterprises, farmers and other legal entities and individuals. Sozdayona here her centers: regioyonalny, on 2-3 voyevodstvo and povitovy (regional). In everyone gmine (Village Soviet) one doradnik works. The Doradchy service carries out all range of information and consulting services in all branches and the directions of development agrarian sektora and rural territories.
Agrarian policy perezhivaet process of continuous reforms. To adapt, adapt to these izyomeneniye to the farmer the country service helps doradcha. At area level – it is the main structure on agrarian questions. When we made trips to farmers, on the pererabatyyovayushchy enterprises with us responsible speyotsialist left. Doradniki, along with owners, told about production, about that lot of work which lead on assistance to farmers and agricultural producers of other structures. They prepare dokumenty on receiving subsidies, other financial help to the farmer from the state and the European Union. Here polozhiyotelno respond about such integration. With EU allocated to Poland big money for arrangement agrarnogo country sectors. Though, we saw, as to its accession to European Union here became for strengthening ekonomiki agrarian sector and increase of level of vital wellbeing much. For example, initial yavlyaetsya situation: The farmer will be rich – there is rich a state.
In Poland any fiyozichesky person can’t poluchit the earth without payment. The average price for 1 hectare sostavlyaet 1250 euros, maksimalyyony – 5 thousand euros for hectare. In 2004 the average price for 1 hectare of an arable land made 3984 zloties for hectare (about 6 thousand hryvnias). Odnayoko a difference in the prices between the North, where lands ployodorodny, and the South – very big.
It is necessary otmetit that the reformiroyovaniye of zemelyyony otnosheyoniya in Poland has the otyolichitelny features. In Soviet period about 80 % of selkhoyozugodiya there were in private ownership therefore privatization of a gosyosektor occurred gorazdo easier, except for separate regions of the North and the West where there were more collective farms. Repayment of the earth and property was made generally for the credits, kotoyory were given for 15 years under 1,2 % per annum. Besides, the farmer receives for each hectare of the earth on 500 zloties, and in a zone of adverse soil and climatic usyoloviya 200 more zloties are added. Various subsidies are also established. For example, payment for navozoyokhranilishche or extra charges for quality of milk. Ustanovyolena starting subsidies for young and beginning farmers of 12 thousand euros which stand out for a year. The purpose of this gratuitous pomoshhi – to hold young people in the rural zone. The help to farmers goes as from the budget of Poland, and the European Union.
Success – in diligence
We familiarized with raznymi forms of farms and everywhere saw highly effective work. Let’s take for an example an economy of the farmer the Line – one of typical in Pomor voyevodstvo. Hozyain feryomer works with the wife. The son arrived in agrouniversity, studies as the manager of a selyyosky economy. An economy at them diversified. The family has 60 hectares of the earth, on the kotoyory grow up wheat, a sugar beet, corn on a forage, a rape on seeds. Also they have a doyny herd – 34 cows, with young growth – 70 heads. Bull-calves realize lodge two-month age, a telok leave for a herd vosproyoizvodstvo. Nada from a cow – on the average 7 thousands kg; and one cow-rekordistka in 2004 gave 8,5 thousands kg. Milking of cows mechanical, in molokoprovod. Ochiyoshchennoye and cooled to four degrees, it collects in the tank an emyokost of 1,5 tons. Ship it to milk plant once in two days. Vygul of cows on a pasture is equipped the elekyotropastukhy. The farm has an annual quota of sale moloka – 180 tons, and it obyayozatelno is carried out, for default and a perevypolyoneniye – big penalties. Expanding the sizes of the economy, a family kupila 10 more hectares of an arable land 10 thousand zloties for one hectare (14,6 thousand UAH. at the rate of NBU). Farmers dovolny the price as the earth already sell and 15 thousand zloties.
We visited and in kolxoze "Victory" that is located in lower reaches of Vistula, under Kvidzenem. The collective farm was created in 1947. Based its 13 Polish families – pereyoselenets from France. Those far years the state allocated with it from zemelyyony fund of 165 hectares of the earth, 5 cows and 5 horses. With vreyomeny the ground areas increased to 600 hectares. Today this cooperative raspaeval the earth – and it became a property of members kolxoza. By Raspayevaniye – sale of land – it was carried out at the symbolical prices: from 1 to 20 zloties for hectare that depended on the seniority of the member of collective farm. In dalneyyoshy the economy leased these lands, as then and at other owners. The Arendyony payment – 100 euros a year, and the economy established to the shareholders it in 25 % and above. The equipment, office, rooms, the earth under them are in a cooperative property as yuridicheskogo persons. The number working decreased over time. Now 36 people here work, and before reforming was 120. Individuals combine functions of the expert and the worker in the field, on cattle-breeding objects. The supreme body of management here – general meeting. Executive body – board which consists of the chairman, his deputy and several members. Operational performance isn’t worse, than at farmers. Productivity grain in collective farm sostavlyaet 74 c/hectares, a sugar beet – 500 c/hectares, nady milk from a cow – 5 thousands kg.
We it is detailed rassprashivali owners about work, rest. Answers were uniform: We work how many it is necessary for production, and we have a rest between times. Poznakomivshis with farmers and other producers, came to a conclusion that successes of Poles depend on diligence and a skillful agrarian policy of the state and the European Union.
At desire it is possible to make everything
We visited and the pererayobatyvayushchy enterprises: meat-packing plant, milk plant and hlebopriyemny combine, and also independent laboyoratoriya by definition of soils and qualities of selskoyokhozyaystvenny production. As it was pleasant to look at the highly technological equipment and rhythmical work of the personnel! Quality of let-out sausages and moyolochny products high, and the range rich.
Us most of all surprised that the meat-packing plant and molokoyozavod work with selkhozyoproizvoditel under accurately signed contracts at the beginning of a year in which conditions of acceptance of raw materials within a dovedenyony quota, and the prices which especially don’t differ on periodam are stipulated. All producers of milk and meat resources are founders of the danyony processing enterprise.
Oznakomilis we and with the enterprise for grain and rape acceptance. From conversation with the director general and assigned predyopriyatiy a doradnik we learned that all proizvodiyotel of grain and a rape also at the beginning of a year conclude contracts, know the prices on which it will be accepted zeryono and a rape. All suppliers of raw materials – founders of the enterprise; financial and other questions are solved with them.
The combine delivers to farmers seeds, mineral fertilizers and means zashhity, assists current assets. In a number of large farms we saw granaries. Grain here sell, only when the favorable prices are established. Thus to the farmer vyplachivayut also for grain storage.
And. ANTONENKO, adviser-organizer of Krasnogvardeysky UKO.