Crop – result multiple-factor

In sate the report of the deputy minister of an agrarian policy on key features and season-2008 problems, and also ways of their decision is presented.

Key features and season-2008 problems, and also ways of their decision were designated in the report of the deputy minister of an agrarian policy of N

Key features and season-2008 problems, and also ways of their decision were designated in the report of the deputy minister of an agrarian policy of N. N. Polyushkin. He addressed to participants of a seminar with the following information:

Spring and field works in the Crimea begin much earlier, than in other regions of Ukraine, and farms already actively conduct top dressing of winter crops. A number of areas already started sowing of the winter.

Today before farmers there is a task during remained time prior to the beginning of mass carrying out a complex of spring and field works to finish all preparatory activities that operatively, it is organized and according to technology to carry out a sowing campaign.

In all categories of farms of the republic winter crops on the crop’s eve of 2008 poseyany grain and forage crops on the square of 520,4 thousand hectares, including at grain – 504,3 thousand hectares.

Last autumn and winter period slightly affected a condition of crops of winter grain and forage crops. Today in the territory of an autonomy there are rather favorable weather climatic conditions for completion of rewintering. In a good and satisfactory condition there are 86 % of winter, occupying 448 thousand hectares, and 14 %, or (72 thousand hectares) - in izrezhenny. Death of crops it is not revealed.

In a good and satisfactory condition there are practically all areas of winter crops in farms of the Bakhchsarai, Kirov, Nizhnegorsky, Saksky and Soviet areas.

At the same time the most considerable areas of izrezhenny crops are available in:

Razdolnensky (55 %), Dzhankoysky (31 %), Krasnoperekopsky (24 %), Pervomaisk (19 %) areas. The main reason for an izrezhennost of crops – is late terms of sowing, a lack of moisture and lack of snow cover during last winter period.

So considerable fluctuations in given about a condition of winter crops are caused, on the one hand, by a various mode of a precipitation in carrying out an autumn sowing campaign, and with another – technology and organizational factors at carrying out autumn sowing.

Thus the condition of winter crops still can be improved considerably if timely and qualitatively to carry out top dressing, taking into account the content of mobile nitrogen in the soil. It also is today the most actual task for farmers.

For the purpose of rendering of the scientific and methodical help to our landowners research associates of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production developed and conveyed to areas recommendations about winter spring care of crops winter, including the detailed analysis of features of carrying out top dressing winter is given by nitric fertilizers.

Considering importance of providing high-grade in the quantitative and qualitative relation a nitric food of winter grain crops, in the republic is planned to carry out top dressing on all 504 hectares of a cultivated area, on what at least 50 thousand tons of nitric fertilizers are necessary. The council of ministers of AR Crimea showed consideration for this problem of farmers and the resolution from December 18, 2007 of No. 846 About questions on the organization of carrying out top dressing of crops of winter grain crops of a crop of 2008 obliged the relevant services to take measures for the organization of preparation of fertilizers. As of February 13 of this year them more than 49,9 thousand tons or 99,8 % from requirement, on 11 thousand tons more corresponding period of last year are prepared. Practically finished purchase of fertilizers in the planned volumes of an economy of the Soviet, Saksky, Razdolnensky, Black Sea, Krasnoperekopsky areas. Lag behind with preparation of nitric fertilizers of an economy of the Belogorsky area where 90 % to requirement and May Day–93 % are prepared. Such sharp rise in prices for mineral fertilizers dictates in the shortest terms to carry out purchases and in parallel with it to organize high-quality work on introduction of nitric fertilizers.

Our Crimean scientists – the staff of the Southern branch Crimean agrotechnological university NAU developed recommendations about agrobiological control at cultivation of winter grain crops in which the technique according to rewintering winter is stated, to security of crops with moisture and a nitric food, a contamination of crops, a porazhennost by diseases and wreckers, etc. Their practical application in farms is desirable to study and provide recommendations.

Myshevidny rodents became a serious problem in the current year on crops of winter crops. In the current year the highest level of population by myshevidny rodents in recent years is noted. As a whole on the republic 330 thousand hectares with myshevidny rodents, from them with excess of an economic threshold of injuriousness more than 285 thousand hectares are populated.

The most considerable population occupied by myshevidny rodents with excess of an economic threshold of injuriousness is noted in farms: May Day (96 % from the crops area), Black Sea (84 %), Bakhchsarai (72 %), Saksky (74 %), Krasnogvardeysky (63 %), Soviet (62 %), Nizhnegorsky (61 %) areas. All this area is already processed by chemicals. However weather conditions promote reproduction of myshevidny rodents that demands continuous control from specialists of regional inspectorates of protection of plants and farms behind their number and carrying out repeated works on biological and chemical fight against rodents. Experts of farms and areas should understand perfectly – absence of due control of their distribution can bring to considerable, from 30 and more percent, to yield losses and this with the fact that 60-70 % of expenses on a bookmark and formation of a crop of the winter are already made since autumn.

It is impossible to forget and about such wrecker of crops of winter crops, as the grain ground beetle which settling during the autumn period was revealed on the area of 24,6 thousand hectares. However the real areas damaged by the wrecker were much more.

Processing on all infected areas where the economic threshold of injuriousness is exceeded, was carried out. However we should understand that at approach of steady positive temperatures danger of damage of crops will increase.

Finishing a subject of protection of plants, it is necessary to stop on the following. In order that protective measures of a message at high level, are necessary experts in this area. Today, unfortunately in agricultural production land users who don’t own even bases of protection of plants work. As a result we lose from weeds, diseases and wreckers to 25-30 % of a biological crop. I think that over this very serious problem it is necessary to reflect both to chairmen of the district state administrations and heads of farms.

In the spring of the current year in all categories of farms of the republic it is planned to sow summer cultures on the area more than 200 thousand hectares. It is necessary to pay special attention to zernofurazhny cultures – barley and oats in connection with the extremely favorable price environment in the world market on fodder grain. Now the prices for these cultures make 1100-1300 UAH/tons on conditions a French-elevator.

Crop basis - quality of seeds

With a view of providing cultivated areas early, and late summer cultures (rice, millet, a buckwheat, corn,), and also insurance funds it is necessary to prepare a sorghum on spring sowing of 29,5 thousand tons of seeds. However today on the republic 68 % of konditsionny seeds are prepared only. There is a question, what seeds we will carry out sowing in the planned volumes? - It is necessary to understand that many farms plan to sow summer seeds of unknown reproductions and grades, and unknown quality, and it means, as productivity is unpredictable, or rather by bitter experience – tears, instead of productivity. I address once again to chairmen of the district state administrations, heads of farms, chiefs of the state seed inspections – most seriously treat a question of preparation of seeds and their checks on sowing qualities. Missing volumes of high-reproductive seeds can be bought in seed-growing farms of the republic, in the State seed reserve fund.

Special appeal to seed-growing farms. The state uses the best efforts for support of production and realization of high-reproductive seeds for commodity farms of the republic. Unfortunately, it is necessary to note that fact that from 2,3 million UAH allocated from the government budget on seed farming development in the republic in 2007, 0,8 million UAH, or 34 % were used only.

Not absolutely favorably there are conditions for rewintering of crops of winter crops and it is not known yet, what weather conditions expect us during the spring period. In this regard 7,3 thousand tons of the insurance funds, available stored in farms, should be checked also on sowing qualities and are kept before the completion of rewintering of winter crops and completion of sowing summer in full.

Obligatory agroreception – preseeding introduction of mineral fertilizers, and first of all phosphoric, and in the best option – complex – ammofosa, nitroammofoski. Against falling of soil fertility, reduction of the maintenance of a humus, mobile phosphorus to critical values (less than 1.0 mg/100g) introduction at phosphorus crops at any weather climatic conditions will give starting support to shoots and will provide a crop increase.

Today on the republic security with phosphoric fertilizers for spring and field works makes 54 %. Thus their any ton it is not prepared in farms of the Bakhchsarai, Saksky, Simferopol and Black Sea areas. And only three areas – Krasnogvardeysky, Krasnoperekopsky and May Day prepared phosphoric fertilizers in full requirements.

Considering that for today it is possible to correct a situation on purchase of seeds, fertilizers, means of protection of plants, I ask chairmen of the district state administrations to charge to deal to the relevant services with current situation.

To stabilize, and furthermore to develop agricultural production in the conditions of the Crimea without irrigated agriculture it is impossible. What the Crimea without water? – Semi-desert. With a view of ensuring effective and reliable work of meliorative systems, pump stations, channels, hydraulic engineering constructions, dozhdevalny cars in 2008 Council of ministers of AR Crimea the resolution from November 06, 2007 of No. 714 About preparation of irrigated lands for waterings in 2008 is accepted.

For 2008 is planned to prepare 200 thousand hectares of irrigated lands  (+1,8 thousand hectares by 2007), to repair 950 pieces of dozhdevalny equipment, to repair 2211 pieces of hydraulic engineering constructions and other constructions entering into an intraeconomic irrigating network. Now 147 thousand hectares, or 73 % of irrigated lands, 702 units of dozhdevalny equipment - 74 % are already prepared for a forecast.

The ministry of Agropolicy of AR Crimea works now over that dneprovsky water came to the Crimea by April 1. And it means that intraeconomic irrigating networks should be prepared for this term in full.

About a course of preparation of mashino-tractor park.

Tractor, soil-cultivating and sowing equipment should be ready by February 1, irrigation and meliorative equipment – on April 10 the current year. For preparation of equipment for a spring complex of works of 2008 it was necessary to repair 2066 tractors, 519 plows, 593 cultivators, 765 seeders.

According to the operative reporting for February 15 of the current year readiness of equipment on the republic made: tractors - 97 %; soil-cultivating and sowing equipment  - 99 %, dozhdevalny equipment - 72 %. However, in this case, reporting figures – the crafty thing, is thought that in a reality everything isn’t so smooth.

        About providing with combustive-lubricating materials.

On performance of a complex of spring and field works of the current year 11,4 thousand tons of diesel fuel, 2,9 thousand tons of autogasoline, 0,3 thousand tons of diesel oil are necessary for agricultural producers.

As of February 12 average wholesale price of diesel fuel made 4,91úÓ¡/l, autogasoline of 4,19 UAH/l that respectively for 4 and 1 % is lower than fuel cost to comparison from the beginning of the current year. According to constantly carried out monitoring of the prices for light oil products the tendency to relative stabilization of their cost is noted.

However not the superfluous will speed up work of farms on accumulation of combustive-lubricating materials, using the credits of commercial banks, own current assets and forward contracts with commercial structures. Carrying out by Agrarian fund of Ukraine of forward purchases of a foodgrain of a crop of 2008 in the state food reserve can become one more source of replenishment of current assets. Previously for AR Crimea volumes of purchases in Agrarian fund of Ukraine in number of 72 thousand tons are finished. This quantity will be shared between areas in proportion gross collecting wheat for the last three years.

       About labor protection.

In recent years the positive tendency of decrease in number of the accidents connected with production was outlined in agro-industrial complex.

Decrease in industrial injuries is caused by system work of managements of agroindustrial development of the district state administrations, heads and specialists of agricultural enterprises, reduction of number working and, in some cases, reduction of volume of production. But, unfortunately, there are hidden accidents, and it is necessary to fight against this phenomenon joint efforts.

The greatest number of occupational accidents in the Simferopol area - 6, Bachisaraysky - 3, Kirovsk - 3.

On what it is necessary to pay attention On the eve of a spring sowing campaign it is necessary to pay attention to labor protection conditions, training of heads and experts on FPK on labor protection, on timeliness of carrying out medical examinations, instructing, providing workers with overalls and means of individual protection., and also on technical questions: compliance of equipment to labor protection requirements (hand-rail, the alarm system, protective protections), daily checkup before equipment release to the line