Recommendations about processing of crops of grain crops from diseases and weeds

In article recommendations about processing of crops of grain crops from diseases and weeds are made. Also the minimum system of protection of fruit crops and vineyards is given.

Specialists of the State station of protection of plants of AR Crimea offer recommendations about processing of crops of grain crops from diseases and weeds, and also the minimum system of protection of fruit crops and vineyards on 1 hectare who is necessary for carrying out to agricultural enterprises for protection of the sheet device, and removal of accumulation of wreckers and diseases on long-term cultures.

By results of inspection carried out specialists of the State  station  of protection  of plants,  during  the autumn  period  revealed average degree defeat of crops root gnilyami. Initial manifestation of mealy dew, a brown sheet rust on winter wheat, gelmintosporioz on winter barley is noted. Development of diseases was promoted by weather conditions, difference of a temperature mode of air and the soil, infection existence in the soil, agrotechnology violation.

From the above-mentioned diseases, the greatest fear is caused by the root decayed, as in the centers of their manifestation at plants emergence of secondary root system is noted.

In the spring of this year, under favorable weather conditions, manifestation of diseases it is necessary to expect everywhere from weak to strong extent of development.

For preservation of crops and soil improvement at establishment +7-+ 80tepla we recommend to carry out chemical processings fungicidami: Fundazol of 50 % for item page – 0,5 kg/l on hectare, at temperature 14-16 ° With preparations of Impakt of 25 %, page to., Rex 49,7 to. e., A viola of Super 33 %, to. e. – 0,5 kg, l/hectare.

Availability of moisture in a blanket of the soil will promote a contamination weeds to 90 % of the areas of winter crops of a crop of the current year. At insufficient protection of crops of grain crops against weed vegetation agricultural producers lose 10-20%urozhy, and on very littered areas of loss increase in 1,5-2 times.

Weeds in an early phase of development when their suppression needs the minimum dose of a preparation are most sensitive to herbicides. The maximum dose is used in that case when on fields types steady against herbicides or the weeds being in late phases of development prevail.

If prevail:

annual two-submultiple weeds -  crops are necessary for processing at the beginning of a kushcheniye;

the long-term korneotpryskovy – in a phase of a full kushcheniye;

long-term cereal and korneotpryskovy – before crops;

A large amount of herbicides is applied to fight against weed vegetation, their range is constantly improved and there are more effective.

To apply them it is necessary on the basis of cards of an operative contamination of fields taking into account economic thresholds of injuriousness of weeds, placement of cultures in a crop rotation and their economic use, it is necessary to be guided thus by selection of preparations taking into account sensitivity to them separate types of weeds and crops.

On winter grain spraying by herbicides is necessary for carrying out, since the most developed crops and to carry out to an exit winter to a tube. In the conditions of cool spring at decrease in temperatures to +100S introduction of preparations    on the basis of  2,4  D      will be not effective,  therefore  it is desirable to process softer herbicides on a basis tribenuronmetila 75 % which are highly effective at the lowered temperatures, since +50S (Granstar of 75 % of century of, granstar About century of, an atlant of century of, terrible century of, gersotil century of, mercury of century of, the sheriff of century of). It is not recommended to carry out processing of the cultural plants being in a stressful condition (one-stage influence of an external factor – frosts, a drought), preparations on a basis metsulfuron-marked 60 % (gerbilan item page, laren 60 % of page of the item, laren About century of, a magnum of century of, laroks v.r.g., battle ship of century of, metas item page, saracin item page, range of page of the item) . If temperature 180S and more, on the developed crops it is possible to bring any preparation, including and on the basis of 2,4 D.Tak zhe it is possible to use the herbicides containing in the structure dikambu (dialen super, dikamba forte, difezan). Processing by herbicides of the cultural plants being in the weakened condition (after the winter period) is recommended to be carried out with addition of growth factors (Emistim, Mars, Vermisol and others). It will soften a stressful condition of a cultural plant after processing by herbicide.

Reception – application of lateral mixes of the herbicides possessing wider range of action is perspective. For example, joint application of cross-country + granstar in polovinny doses (+ 10 úÓ/hectare) allows to destroy 70 ml/hectares to 90 % of a sow-thistle and to 85 % of a bindweed field, and at separate application they are effective no more, than for 50 %.

For increase of efficiency of processing of crops from diseases and weeds, we recommend to use the combined mixes of herbicides on the basis of two-three active ingredients (lateral mixes) and fungicida.

These mixes will promote not only to suppression of weeds, but also such diseases as mealy dew, a rust, septorioz, root decayed, gelmintosporioz.

The cowboy of 40 % of century of river (60 ml/hectares) + Granstar of 75 %, century of (10 ml/hectares) + Alto 400SC century to. (0,1.5Õ0,2½/hectare);

Cross-country of 16,4 %, century of (50 ml/hectares) + Granstar of 75 %, century of (10 ml/hectares) + Impakt of 25 %, k.s. (0,5 kg/hectares);

Lintur of 70 %, century of (75 g/hectares) + 2,4 D aminny salt of century of river (0.6 l/hectares) +Kolfugo Super century of page (0,5 kg/hectares);

Logran of 75 %, century of (6 g/hectares) + Banvel of 4S 480 SL.b. river to. (0,15 l/hectares) +Reks T since page (0,5-0,75 kg/hectares);

Banvel of 4S 480 SL.b. river to. (0,15 l/hectares) + 2,4 D aminny salt of century of river (0,6 l/hectares) +topsin M of page of the item (1,0 kg/hectares). Bakovye should prepare mixes of a preparation directly ahead of processing.

Such approach gives the chance to expand a range of action of preparations and to reduce norms of use of active ingredients without loss of biological and economic efficiency and decrease in pesticidal loading. Besides, compound of different herbicides (active ingredients) doesn’t cause emergence of stability of weeds to herbicide.

                                         Minimum system of protection of fruit crops of 1 hectare.