In article recommendations about preparation of the soil to crops, application of mineral fertilizers and protection of plants against wreckers and diseases during the autumn period are made.
Nowadays average productivity ripaku in Ukraine the lowest, than in countries of Western Europe
At cultivation rapsapo intensive technology it is important svoevremennosti high quality of performance of agrotechnical works – preparations of the soil, crops, the harmonious and programmed application of means of protection of plants, mineral fertilizers, including what contain microcells, svoevremennayai a kachestvennayauborka of a crop and its completion.
Predecessors winter rapsamogut to be all crops, kotoryesvoyevremenno release a field, promote its clarification from weeds, ostrukturivayut the soil.
Rapsnuzhdaetsya in plodorodnyxpochvax with an average soderzhaniemgumusa and neutral or subacidic reaction of soil solution. From security of this culture with nutrients a zavisitzimostoykost of plants, their stability against diseases and wreckers, and vitoge – productivity.
Average use of nutritious elements of izmineralny fertilizers winter rapsomsostavlyaet 60-75 %. Phosphorus and potassium bring under the main processing of the soil, nitrogen – mainly as top dressing – at vegetation renewal when the requirement vny sharply increases, and also vperiod butonizatsiya. It is known that for obrazovaniya1 tonnysemyan, rapsvynosit izpochvy 45-80 kg of nitrogen, 18-40 kg of phosphorus, 25-100 kg of potassium, 30-135 kg of calcium, 5-15 kg of magnesium, 30 kg are gray.
It is necessary to consider also potrebnosty in sulfur, magnesium, pine forest, molybdenum and manganese. From providing with these elements zavisitkak productivity, winter hardiness of plants, and also stability to causative agents of diseases.
Among microcells the extreme importance has pine forest. It it is positive vliyaetna a metabolism of saccharites. Besides, this element very much vazhendlya synthesis nukleinovyxkislot. Already today vUkraine a number of fertilizers, kotoryesoderzhat this substance, among which boric fertilizer No. 1 in the world – Solyubordf is registered.
Big effect of a povysheniyaurozhaynost and kachestvasemyanrapsadaet primeneniyevbakovy mixes with means of protection of plants of new types of fertilizers, kotoryesoderzhat respectively picked-up combinations of microcells.
Experience of polskikhfermer, kotoryena a considerable part of crops rapsaprimenyayut a takoyeudobreniye as SOLYUBORDF (1-6 kg/), containing 17,5 % of a legkorastvorimogobor is worthy. Besides, application of Adob of the pine forest containing 15 % of pine forest (1-3 l/hectares) is possible; Basfoliara36 Ekstra (6-12 l/hectares), Basfoliara12 – 4-6+S (6-12 l/hectares), microcells having optimum podobrannyykompleks (and posledniyeshche and 2 % are gray).Primenyayutsya and other fertilizers, kotoryesoderzhat microcells.
Practice of their application shows that to an ispolzovaniyeosenye vfazu 5-8 leaves on crops winter rapsasmesi Basfoliar12 fertilizers – 4-6 + Svsmesi sSolyuboromDFprivodit to a knakopleniye of nutrients vrasteniye, especially vzone a root neck, kotoryeobespechivayut to them the best conditions for start in the spring.
For intensive technologies of cultivation winter rapsapredlagaetsya wide scale of grades and hybrids of domestic and foreign selection.
Soil preparation under a winter rape – odnoizvazhneyshy actions, from which culture zavisitproizvoditelnost. Vraznykhagroklimatichesky zones soil preparation under winter rapszavisitot many factors: such as the soil, granulometric structure, predecessors. In due time podgotovlennayapochva assists development of root system that guarantees normal rewintering of plants. Advantage ostaetsyaza classical scheme: lushheniesterni, plowing, vyravnivaniyepoverkhnost. Special attention to udelyayutpredposevny preparation of the soil during which it harrow, loosen, level and prikatyvayut. In 10-14 days after emergence vsxodovsornyakov the areas the obrabatyvayuskombinirovanny unit of type Evropak.
At a variety soil klimaticheskixuslovij Ukraine, razlichnojstepeni okulturennostiv dependences on the predecessor, and also because of raznykhsvoystvo of soils the differentiated approach is necessary for a kobrabotka of the soil vpredposevny the period.
Terms of crops are important for growth, razvitiyai formirovaniyaproizvoditelnost of this culture. Optimalnyysrok of crops of a winter rape – in 15-25 days prior to optimum srokovposeva ozimykhkolosovy cultures. Before vxozhdeniemvzimu plants should have sootvetstvuyushhijuroven developments.
In the best way of crops yavlyaetsyastrochny, with a row-spacing 15 see. Optimum norm of seeding of a winter rape – 1,2-1,5 million vskhozhy semyanna hectare (4-6 kg/hectares). Optimum depth of seeding semyanpri moisture enough vpochve – 2 see. It is important, that semenaimeli plotnyjkontakt with the soil, kotoryjobespechivaetsya a prikatyvaniye posevovkatka.
Preventive meropriyatiemprotiv kompleksavreditel, and also from a mold, alternarioza, fomoza, peronosporozai other diseases the protravlivaniye cleared and calibrated semyanrapsa is obligatory. Semenaobrabatyvayutrekomendovannymi and the registered preparations (Kruizer, Maxim and other).Dlya destructions of long-term weeds on previous crops it is most expedient to apply herbicides of continuous action izgruppy glifosatov.
For the first time phases rostai razvitiyarapsanaibolshijvred put weeds. It is necessary to remember: zasorennostposevov at the beginning of vegetation gives a productivity ksnizheniya for 25-30 %, and the subsequent frosts not always destroy weed vegetation, kotorayauzhe put nepopravimyjushherb to cultural plants.
Ugnetatsornyaki of a plant rapsanachinayut to a vovtory half of vegetation when it will create bolshuyunadzemny weight and can compete to them, but at the beginning of vegetation zashhitaot weeds is obligatory. Apply rekomendovannyegerbicidy (Dualgold, Teams, Fyuziladfortei other).
Vosenny the period the main wreckers of a rape – krestotsvetny flea beetles, different types sovoki rodents. At dostizheniivreditel economic porogavredonosnost, crops obrabatyvayutpiretroidami (Zeon, Fyyuriya’s karate other) and fosfororganicheskimiinsekticidami. Against rodents apply poisoning baits.
At cultivation diagnostics of diseases and ogranicheniyey distributions rapsachrezvychayno is important. The most widespread diseases the vosenny period – fomoz, alternarioz, peronosporoz, cilindrosporiozi a bacteriosis. To protection against diseases of seed and production crops apply rekomendovannyefungicidy (Ridomilgoldi Ave.). It is best of all to apply a lateral mix striazolovymifungicidami.
(On magazine materials Chemistry. Agrochemistry. Service).