In this publication it is a question of functioning of the industrial practice Piglet complex that is constructed in Krasnodar Krai which is calculated on the maintenance of 200 sows and production of 4500 heads on slaughter. Here the Danish technology of cultivation of animals is introduced, the new foreign equipment for preparation and distribution of compound feeds is used, the computerized system of ventilation is introduced.
Distinctive feature of the Danish system of veterinary service is that the veterinarian comes to a farm as required, as the adviser. Regular preventive veterinary operations are carried out by the service personnel.
UDC 636
Foreign experience
In Krasnodar Krai it is constructed and since 2005 the industrial practice Piglet complex calculated on the maintenance of 200 sows and production of 4500 heads in a year on slaughter functions. Here the Danish technology of cultivation of animals is introduced, the new foreign equipment for preparation and distribution of the compound feeds, providing with sterns of pigs of different polovozrastny groups is used, the computerized system of ventilation is introduced.
The technology of cultivation is directed on prevention and observance of quarantine rules. A distinctive feature of the Danish system of veterinary service is that the veterinarian on a farm constantly isn’t, and comes there as required, but isn’t more rare than once a month, as the adviser. Regular preventive veterinary operations are carried out by the service personnel: castration of pigs, knocking over of tails, skarmlivaniye animal of antibiotics, introduction of vaccines.
With a view of prevention of distribution of infectious diseases on a complex very rigidly adhere to quarantine rules. Between visit of two various farms by one person should pass not less than 24 hours. It is forbidden to bring things from the street, previously without having washed them. If on a farm there are cats, they aren’t let out on the street. From the brought drugs remove packing and utilize, without bringing it on a farm. The bought animals are maintained in quarantine of 6 weeks. It is forbidden to feed pigs with food wastes. Fight against rodents and flies is carried out. All people visiting a farm and working at it, should before an entrance in the case wash up hands and replace clothes.
For diagnostics of diseases and the reasons of a case of animals clinical researches, opening of an internal, the blood analysis, research of fabrics, quality of used forages and water are carried out.
The European system of cultivation of pigs provides treatment of animals at partial paralysis, diarrhea, pneumonia and a brain, in other cases – the compelled face. Destroy animals only when treatment doesn’t give result within two weeks.
At farm round the operator – the livestock specialist has a special box with medicines (antibiotics) and in case of detection of a sick animal it immediately does it an injection, marking it with special aerosol paint: puts the cross-section line and the first letter of the name of an antibiotic, any worker of a complex can determine by their quantity, what medicine and how many time treated this animal. Pigs can enter antibiotics three days in a row if their health doesn’t improve, in a week carry out repeated treatment, usually more strong drugs.
In shop okorma it is necessary to pay attention to pigs with otkusanny tails, and also suffering diarrhea and to appoint it treatment. It is necessary to transfer sick animals to an insulator that they didn’t infect others, and also could eat without hindrances from healthy pigs and quicker recover.
In Denmark all sows and male pigs – producers vaccinate against a parvovirusny infection. For stimulation of sexual hunting to repair pigs in forages add mononatrijfosfat in number of 25 mg counting on one individual. As a rule, to section of a farrow of sows transfer one week prior to expected date of a farrow. Previously all machines wash with water under a high pressure and disinfect.
A day before a farrow a den of animals strew with a mix of small sawdust and starch by which newborn pigs are rubbed off. Such procedure dries their integument, need to use a hand labor as a result vanishes. In a den include a lamp of infra-red heating, the sow is given 200-250 g of powdered sugar as before a farrow appetite at it is lowered, and sugar is well eaten and fills energy expenses. Without fail write down time of the beginning of a farrow and the birth of the subsequent pigs. If the interval between the births of pigs exceeds 30 minutes, to a sow render obstetric aid. Duration of an intergeneric interval leads to oxygen starvation of a fruit and death.
Because sows often suffer weakness of attempts, childbirth surely makes active by means of intramuscular introduction in oxytocin her neck. The injection of this hormone is carried out by two times: after the birth of the first pig and after farrow end. It is necessary to be careful of overdoses which can cause a spasm of smooth muscles of a uterus. The dose shouldn’t exceed 2.5ml for one introduction, at the rate of 10 Units/1ML. Influence of oxytocin accelerates a postnatal involyutsiya of a uterus, promotes synchronization of sexual hunting, and also stimulates a lactation and provides plentiful secretion of colostrum. During a farrow in delivery room keep a quiet situation as sensitive pigs react to concern the strengthened emission of the adrenaline, braking childbirth.
After a farrow to pigs cut off an umbilical cord, leaving 3 cm, do an injection of a preparation of iron for what use a syringe machine gun. Level a nest on weight, leaving 12 pigs. For the purpose of alignment of development of newborns of smaller place to a young uterus, larger – to old. From boxing delete placentas. Write down in a registration leaf of a sow number of newborns (live and dead), every week these data bring in the computer
To pigs in live weight less than 1 kg during the first 3-5 days of life feed bifidokefir which strengthens immunity. For this purpose warmed up on a water bath to 40˚S kefir gather in a sprintsovka and individually vypaivayut two times per day.
With a view of the prevention of a zadavlivaniye of newborns during feeding by young sows in the first three days after a farrow of pigs in a den close a special partition. In a den floors are equipped with water heating, temperature support in limits 32˚S during the first 10 days of life of pigs, infra-red lamps warm a den 3 days. Such microclimate promotes good safety of pigs.
For 3-4 day of life to pigs stop a tail (two thirds) with a view of prevention of manifestations of a cannibalism. This operation make a gas knife at which edges are warmed up. At tail knocking over the knife cauterizes the formed wound, stopping bleeding and disinfecting it. At the same time carry out castration of hryachok by means of a scalpel. A cut through which semennik delete, don’t disinfect.
From the 3rd to the 7th day of life pigs are given two times per day water with dissolved in it koktsidiostatiky.
One of the main reasons for loss of young pigs – diarrhea which arises at surplus of a protein in a stern (absence in a stomach of hydrochloric acid and existence in it not digested protein promotes development E.Soli). This pathology can develop at bad hygiene indoors, the increased humidity, a draft, availability of dirt in a feeding trough, a drinking bowl, bad quality of compound feed. The most effective fight against bacteria and inflammatory processes in an organism of animals proceeds at the increased body temperature therefore for recovery of the pigs sick with diarrhea, it is necessary to increase temperature in their den to 37˚S. For this purpose it is necessary to extend operating time of infra-red lamps before recovery of animals. Treatment of diarrhea carry out antibiotics. Constantly dry floors in a den of pigs interfere with development E.Soli therefore them strew with the small sawdust mixed with starch.
From the 10th day of life pigs are given top dressing. Compound feed fill in a feeding trough located on a lateral wall of section of a farrow, two times per day: in the morning and during the lunchtime. It is necessary to give so much top dressing, how many pigs in a condition to eat within 2-3 hours (about 20 g counting on an individual). Otherwise the forage gets littered, spoils, and at pigs at its eating diarrhea develops. Depriving of kids carry out for the 21-28th day. The main criterion of depriving – achievement of live weight of 6-7 kg by them.
Every day in section for a farrow correct amount of fed compound feed to laktiruyushchy sows. In 1-2 hours after each feeding of a feeding trough clear of the remained forage as it quickly turns sour and can become the reason of emergence of diseases of digestive organs because of mold development in it.
(On Svinovodstvo magazine materials)