In P. Ostapchuk’s publication, the head of laboratory of animal husbandry, the candidate of page – x. sciences of the Crimean IPP it is told about work of scientists of institute on improvement existing and to creation of new lines and families of animals of the Ukrainian red dairy breed of cows on the basis of introduction of progressive techniques, the contents, development of computer programs according to a genotype of valuable animals and some other actions.
The history of herd of cattle of a pilot farm of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production begins with the middle of the XX century. Then, in 1957, the doctor of agricultural sciences A.P.Polkovnikova developed a technique of creation of zhirnomolochny herds. Since 1964 the candidate of agricultural sciences L.A.Pilipenko, in cooperation with experts of breeding farms of the Crimea and leading research institutions, worked over creation of 6 lines of red steppe breed: Cheerful, Breeze, Tiger, Fine, Handsome man and Danube and three types of cattle: Crimean zhirnomolochny, Ukrainian zhirnomolochny and golshtinizirovany types of red dairy cattle.
At the present stage there is a consolidation of new breed – the Ukrainian red dairy breed of cattle. This work includes improvement existing and creation of new lines and families of animals on the basis of introduction of progressive techniques of feeding, the contents, development in laboratory of animal husbandry of the APP Crimean institute of computer programs according to a genotype of valuable animals and some other actions.
The breeding kernel of cows of the Ukrainian red dairy breed of a pilot farm of the APP Crimean institute is concentrated to a physiological yard. So, according to one of the last estimates, efficiency of cows of leading groups was following: in Tsirrus’s line – 3958 kg of milk in 305 days of a lactation, in Balthasar and Banquo’s line – to 4300 kg, in the line Henev – 4168 kg, in Chif’s line – 4139 kg and so on. The Zhirnomolochnost has indicators on the average 4 – 4,2 %.
To achieve high indicators of efficiency of adult cows, there is a work on improvement of cultivation of young growth for repair herd: daily average additional weights should be up to standard of 650 g that telka to 18 monthly age had live weight not below 370 kg as from such a tyolok possibly receiving highly productive cows with a yield of milk to 6 thousand kgs of milk and live mass of 550-600 kg.
Level of a power food of netel in two months prior to otela is necessary for increasing to 8-9 fodder units for receiving 700-800 g of a daily average gain as highly productive cows right after otela can’t eat such quantity of a forage which is necessary for formation of a daily allowance nadoya milk. Therefore the animal should save up these substances by preparation to otelu.
To otyolu netel should have factory fatness and well developed mammary glands. Selection of animals in a breeding kernel is carried out in four stages: 1) by origin – efficiency of parents is considered, 2) on lateral relatives – additional data of semi-sisters are involved; 3) on own efficiency and 4) on quality of posterity.
Along with an assessment and selection on efficiency, selection groups which join the best animal herds on the highest, to the first, and for a number of lactations as record indicators of individual efficiency are inherited seldom are created.
In time razdoya firstcalf heifers, on indicators of efficiency check of breeding value of manufacturing bulls is carried out. This method allows to reveal and widely to use bulls-uluchshateley on efficiency and gives the chance to improve herd in short terms.
However it is impossible to reach high indicators in selection and breeding work without creation of high-grade food supply. On one cow it is necessary to have not less than 1,2 t of hay, 1,7 t senazha, 1,5 t of fodder beet, and zernofurazha to prepare at the rate of 300-350 g on 1 kg of milk. Besides, it is necessary to receive annually qualitative green forages from early spring to late autumn, and for this purpose it is necessary to pay attention to operation of the green conveyor. In an economy there are artificial pastures. Structure of green material of pastures the following: fire, lucerne, Vick and other types.
P. Ostapchuk, head of laboratory of animal husbandry, candidate of agricultural sciences; Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN.