Article tells about branch of dairy cattle breeding in the Netherlands.
From world experience
From world experience
Among the countries of Europe and North America the Netherlands is high on the list on efficiency of cows, intensity of maintaining and profitability of dairy cattle breeding.
The main components which provide efficiency of branch and its competitiveness is a rational kormoproizvodstvo and feeding, careful selection of animals, continuous improvement of technology of the contents and milking and improvement of health of animals.
By the generalizing analysis it is established that in the Netherlands, as well as the vdrugy countries with the developed dairy cattle breeding, within the last ten years the tendency on reduction of a livestock of dairy cows is observed at onovremenny increase in their efficiency and the average size of herds.
Breeds of dairy cows in this country are presented generally by the Dutch black and speckled breed (average dairy efficiency of 601 thousand under control cows makes 8618 kg of milk of containing 4.36 % of fat and 3.49 % of protein), and Dutch red and speckled (sootvetstvenno-151 to one thousand cows, 7692 kg, 4.51 % and 3.54 %).
It is known that profitability of dairy cattle breeding it is caused not only efficiency, but also, substantially, duration of economic use of cows. Measures for extension of duration of economic use of dairy cattle are directed on maintenance of optimum fertility and prevention of diseases (first of all mastitis, diseases of hoofs and extremities).
The assessment on duration of economic use of daughters for the last decade in the country is a powerful part complex selektsionno – an economic index of breeding value of manufacturing bulls. The careful account throughout the long period and intensive selection use of cows with the lifelong over 100 tons of milk will bother promoted stable growth lifelong nadoya and duration of use of cows in herd in all under control livestock.
Longevity of dairy cows and their lifelong efficiency since 1990 annually increase. As a result of cows use on the average 6 years, and lifelong dairy efficiency reaches 30000 kg of milk, 1300 kg of dairy fat, and 1035 kg of protein.
In the country are registered record lifelong nadoi from certain cows (from Dzhoganni’s cow 21 173240 kg of the milk are received, the second place is occupied by a cow Verona 2 – from it expect to receive 200000 kg of milk at which the eleventh lactation, the daily average yield of milk of 38 kg, the highest yield of milk on the 3rd and 4th lactation reached 70 kg).
With condition of receiving high having bothered the checked scientific and reasonable technology of cultivation a telok is. Advisers recommend to farmers to grow up repair a telok at level which provides live weight in 6 months of 180 kg, in 12 months of 340 kg, in 18-460, after the first otela – 580 and polnovozrastny cows of-680 kg. The first insemination is recommended for carrying out at live mass of 375-408 kg.
The daily average gain of live weight a telok at the age of 0-2 months should be 550-600 g, 6-12 months-800-850, from a year before insemination-675-725 and netel from insemination till 18 months of-600-650 g.
The main processing methods of feeding repair a telok consist of the following recommendations:
– a colostrum vypaivaniye for the 3rd days;
– gradual transition since the 4th days on a vypoyka substitute of whole milk (ZTsM in number of 10 % from live weight);
– since the fourth day to telochka vypaivayut fresh boiled water;
- separate from a vypaivaniye of dairy products at live mass of 80-82 kg;
– from early age are accustomed to eating of starterny compound feeds which stimulate hem development, and in insemination with the high maintenance of a protein;
- wide use of voluminous high-quality forages;
- prevention of obesity a telok (at average fatness they can have the greatest weight at the age of 18 months and is more senior).
O. Ryshkov,
the adviser KGAUKC on the Bakhchsarai area