Article is devoted to an energy saving question in agricultural production. Data on use of alternative energy resources are provided in it, first of all hydrogen power, vetroenergetiki and gelioenergetiki.
The special attention is given to creation of renewable fuel for diesel engines biodiesel engines.
Practical interest causes receiving biogas from raznotravya and from processing and recycling of animal husbandry, poultry farming, plant growing, the food, spirit industry, household drains and a precipitation.
Energy saving questions in connection with exhaustion of oil resources take today a special place when using energy resources
Energy saving questions in connection with exhaustion of oil resources take today a special place when using energy resources.
One of the main criteria of further development of a civilization is ability of transition from traditional power sources to nonconventional.
Consumption of world power for 79,5 % is provided at the expense of fossil stocks of traditional energy carriers – coal, oil and gas and only 11,5 % make nontraditional sources.
With a view of energy saving first of all it is necessary:
– to conduct the most severe control in the energy saving sphere at the enterprise that will allow to impart to fellow citizens a thrift gene;
– calling for energy saving, to turn on as well levers of the state influence, having entered norms of an expense of energy resources on the production which excess will entail inevitable penalties;
– to create system of incentives to energy saving.
Further development of world power will be focused on use of alternative energy resources, first of all hydrogen power, vetroenergetiki and gelioenergetiki. The most perspective, undoubtedly, further development vetroenergetiki because of its high power efficiency, low prime cost of the electric power for $0,03-0,12 kW/hour, the minimum ecological influence, existence of well fulfilled technologies and the equipment (The Crimea – the region where application vetroenergetiki is most expedient) is.
Gelioenergetika also is entirely provided with technological base, however by power efficiency, prime costs of the electric power for $0,23-0,27 kW/hour and to ecological influence loses vetroenergetike.
Hydrogen power as the basis of industrial production of the electric power, is the unique direction of development of world power. For motor transport of technology of application of hydrogen fuel are reasonably fulfilled already enough. In Germany already use liquid and gaseous hydrogen in engines of cars.
The problem of progressing exhaustion of oil resources induces now to look for alternative, renewable sources of fuel for motor transport. For the last 20 years the idea of use of vegetable oils and animal fats as a basis for creation of renewable, ecologically safe fuel for diesel engines – a biodiesel engine is actively cultivated.
One of the most suitable sources for fuel replacement from oil is vegetable oil (oil from a rape) which on physical and chemical features comes nearer to diesel fuel.
In Europe and the USA production of a biodiesel engine from vegetable oil got rather wide circulation.
In Ukraine it is headed for expansion of the areas under a rape and next year they will make about 700 thousand hectares. Increase in the area of crops of a rape to 10 % of total area of an arable land and processing of 75 % of the received crop on biofuel will provide agrarian and industrial complex with energy resources of own production.
Today results on production of fuel for internal combustion engines from a soya and a rape are rather successful. This type of fuel use also for dwelling and cooking heating, for production of the independent electric power.
The great interest causes receiving biogas on installation which established on a farmer farmstead in Austria. For a year it is provided with raw materials – a Sudanese grass. Installation develops the electric power in volume of 500 000 kw/hours a year. It on the average answers annual requirement to 100 Austrian house farms. Received biogas from raznotravya can be burned for electricity generation.
On a Chernovitsky spirtoobjedineniye production of combustible (biofuel) from fodder grain, a waste of a sugar beet – molasses, potatoes, corn, i.e. grain and the vegetables, differing is organized by ability to fermentation. The Bukovinsky technology will allow to make 80-90 thousand tons of biofuel monthly.
In the Kharkov area consider perspective energy production from alternative sources, in particular, energy production on the basis of biotechnologies. It is supposed that in present and especially next year production of fuel from plant growing products (a rape, etc. olive cultures) will develop. The second direction – fuel additives which are made on area distilleries. It too very effective substitute of direct gasolines. Almost crude oil mix with additives, and this mix very quickly "reaches" to bad quality gasolines.
The most widespread way of receiving biogas is the anaerobny sbrazhivaniye. Receiving biogas is connected first of all with processing and recycling of animal husbandry, poultry farming, plant growing, the food, spirit industry, household drains and a precipitation. In problems of development of biogas technologies, creation of the equipment, installations and stations are engaged in the Russian Federation.
In the autonomous district of Iskra agrofirm of the Solnechnogorsky region of the Moscow region the established biogazoenergetichesky block the BISON-1 module on processing of a waste of 20-25 heads of KRS. A biogas exit – 40 m3/d. 230 kWh of thermal energy to which has enough for heating of 120-140 sq.m living spaces are developed. Besides it turns out to 1 t/day, liquid non-polluting organic fertilizers.
Having felt blows of the first oil crises in the seventies, America and Europe seriously attended to development of alternative power sources. Development and building of vetroenergetichesky installations then began. The West went by the way of creation of big units, capacity from 500 kW and above, working for a uniform power network of the state.
Much less attention Americans and Europeans gave to the small cars of an independent class intended for power supply of separate dwellings and objects. So in the market the niche which successfully is occupied today by the Russian producers was formed. They developed the unique which car of analogs in the world today isn’t present. Dvukhlopastny vetroustanovka VEU-2000 is created on the basis of high technologies of defense industry and contains a set of original technical solutions which provided with it a considerable separation from competitors.
The resource of continuous work of installation of 40 thousand hours guaranteed by the manufacturer – ten years of operation though actually term of work is much higher. Any service at all it is not required.
The main advantage of the VEU-2000 installation that it starts to develop the electric power at the minimum speed of a wind of 2,5 m/s, and from 3 m/s energy already arrives in a network. Develops in a year of 2100 kWh. These are about 180 kWh a month.
For illumination of inhabited and production rooms it is necessary to use modern, energy saving lamps on 10-11 watt.
Measures for energy saving in plant growing
Cultivation of crops on progressive energy saving technologies, namely:
– the maximum use of the combined units that allows to execute 3-4 operations for one pass;
– to use shirokozakhvatny units on soil preparation, crops of grain crops;
– at acquisition of soil-cultivating and sowing units most to use the established engine capacity;
– on crops grain if the land relief allows to use only the 2-3rd seyalochny units that will allow to save a significant amount of combustive-lubricating materials;
– to work at a plowed land, sowing grain, cultivations of propashny cultures only with the delayed and ground working bodies that will allow to save to 21 % of diesel fuel. To organize on the basis of a motor scooter the mobile unit for sharpening of working bodies in the field;
– to reduce to a minimum single moving of units in field works;
– operation of engines of tractors and cars idling to reduce to a minimum. Carefully to adjust fuel equipment of tractors and carburetors on cars;
– strictly to observe demanded pressure in tires of wheel tractors and cars that will allow to save combustive-lubricating materials;
– daily to remove the fuel remains in a fuel tank and to correlate to amount of completed work (as was at MTS).
In cleaning of grain crops grain unloading from the combine bunker, unhitching and a trailer pritsepleniye for the crushed straw to make under way that will allow to save combustive-lubricating materials considerably.
(Be continued)
N KOLOTIJ, leading expert KGAUKC.