In article it is told that in the conditions of high specialization and concentration of agricultural production carrying out protective measures – the integral factor of receiving the high and guaranteed crops of crops. In this regard the station of protection of plants recommends to apply ecologically safe preparation trixodermin.
In the conditions of high specialization and concentration of agricultural production carrying out protective measures – the integral factor of receiving the high and guaranteed crops of crops, preservations of their quality.
High efficiency and universality of a chemical method of protection of plants, fast payback made its dominating in system of protective measures. However, wide and universal application of chemical means of protection of plants leads to emergence of new steady forms of harmful organisms, it in turn, involves need of increase in norms of an expense of preparations and their range. The soil, air, water become soiled, residual quantities of chemical preparations and products of their disintegration increase in agricultural production, the environmental damage and to health of the person is put.
Important link of the integrated system of protection of plants is the biological method, widely now in use in pest control and diseases of crops.
From the biological agents, found the greatest practical application in biological fight against diseases of plants, the leading role is allocated for sort Trihoderma mushrooms. Mushrooms of this sort suppress development of other microorganisms, including phytopathogens, by impact on them a direct parazitirovaniye, the competition in fight for substratum development, allocation of enzymes, antibiotics, other biologically active substances.
At the expense of high biological activity sort mushrooms trixoderma quickly master a substratum, actively participate in decomposition of organic connections, ammonifikatsiya and nitrification processes, strengthening of mobilization of phosphorus and potassium, enriching the soil with mobile nutrients.
Allocated trikhodermy biologically active substances stimulate growth and development of plants in a certain concentration, increasing its stability to diseases.
Temperature optimum for development trixodermy in culture +24 +28°S, the maximum temperature makes +31 +33°S, minimum +18 +12°S. Under natural conditions at optimum humidity and soil aeration antagonistic properties trixodermy are well shown and at temperature close to +20°S.
The mushroom is an aerobe that explains an ego fast development in well aerated soils rich with organic substances.
Domestic and foreign experience of application trixodermina for fight against fuzariozny withering of a carnation, water-melons, rizoktoniozy potatoes, gelmintosporiozy wheat, bubbly the heads, is stored by white decay of cucumbers and tomatoes, dry decay of potatoes and other diseases of plants.
However the mushroom of Trihoderma received the greatest application in vegetable growing of the protected soil, in fight against a complex of causative agents of the diseases causing root, radical to their decay, stem and sheet forms askoxitoza.
Trikhodermin – ecologically safe biological preparation. Antagonistic properties trixodermy are shown doubly: in the first the mushroom produces antibiotics which destroy causative agents of diseases of plants; in the second, using another’s myceliums as a nutrient medium, it destroys other mushrooms pathogens.
The preparation works enough in biolaboratories in two forms. When using a dehydrated nutrient medium (grain, straw, sawdust, peat etc.) in the form of a powder, and when using a liquid nutrient medium – in the form of water suspension.
Recommendations to preparation application.
Soil processing.
In the spring at temperature +10°S and above to take 200-250 g of a preparation to dissolve in 10 l of warm water, let’s stand 30 mines and to water by means of a watering can, etc. a site. Then, applying a rake or ploskorez Fokin to loosen the earth. For processing of fields – 6l on 1ga. Introduction trixodermina improves physical and chemical properties of the soil, including a structural condition. Processings can be carried out and in the autumn before the temperature will fall below +10°S.
Processing of a landing material.
Before landing in soil of saplings or bushes to take 200 g trixodermina, to dissolve in Eul of warm water, let’s stand 5-6 hours. After the landing, with remained solution to water the earth round saplings.
Sprouts processing.
100-150 g trixodermina to dissolve at 3-4l water, let’s stand 30-50 mines and to water sprouts in 1-2 days prior to landing.
Soaking of seeds.
To take necessary for soaking of seeds a quantity of water, to add in it trixodermin at the rate of 30 g on 1 kg of seeds. It is possible to presoak in 2-5 days prior to landing.
Houseplants.
Houseplants can be processed trikhoderminy all the year round. Over time in pots the infection collects therefore to water flowers trikhoderminy it is necessary. Having got to the earth, it will destroy all microorganisms harmful to a plant. Expense of 50-100 g on 2-5l warm water.
Concerning acquisition trixodermina to address: Simferopol, Olenchuk St., 52 Kont. ph. 63-25-02, Biolaboratory of the State station of protection of plants.
L.Alekseeva, Gosudarstvennoystantsiya’s main agriculturist of protection of plants of ARK, N. Samchenko managing biolaboratory.