The description of valuable fodder culture of a winter rape is provided in article. Besides, recommendations about technology of cultivation of this culture are made. The best hybrids from firm "Lembka" are listed.
ONCE AGAIN ABOUT the MAIN COMPONENTS of the BIG CROP of the WINTER RAPE
Several years ago the rape was cultivated at us in the Crimea generally as early molokogonny fodder culture for cows, as the intermediate predecessor on an irrigation for rice, corn and other forage crops.
In the conditions of the hot South the winter rape winter moisture for which generally that sufficed to create a good harvest of grain was cultivated generally. Always involved its strengths: the excellent predecessor – the phytohospital attendant, a plant not demanding big leaving. But constrained the weak: rape oil wasn’t in demand, the oil cake not always suited on a forage, it was difficult to receive in hot August amicable shoots, a rape in bezsnezhe froze slightly and to clean it because of non-simultaneous maturing it was necessary separately that involved big expenses and losses. Better he was successful in the Western and Central part of Ukraine and the price for it, we will tell directly, was low, is sold by the difficult.
Scientists, production workers of this zone worked over improvement of culture of the rape, the best successes in this question reached in Germany, the Czech Republic, Canada. Selection, processing, technology of cultivation was in the course of time improved.
Surge in demand for the rape oil added for cars and tractors (biofuel), in recent years considerably grew, especially in Europe as its products of combustion aren’t toxic. Rape oil is cheaper than others because productivity of this culture high, in Germany, Canada average crops about the country from 30 to 40 c/hectares.
This culture in winter sowing is good because uses winter moisture. Already now many Crimean farms receive it on 30 centners and more from hectare, and in the conditions of watering in one and a half time is higher. Purchase price in last season was 1250 UAH / tn., in it, in August, reached 2500 grn./tn.
It is good profit at average costs of cultivation of one hectare of 1100-1300 UAH. In 2006 g of the area of crops of a winter rape in the Crimea grew in 3 times and made 35 thousand hectares. On forecasts of Ministry of Economics of Ukraine internal and external demand for a rape will be stable within 5-6 next years. Europe this year is capable to buy to 20 million tn. rape seeds.
Participants of a seminar spoke about this and many other organized by German firm "Lembka" together with the Rayz national company in Odessa. Heads of the agricultural enterprises of the South of Ukraine, the head of the International department of NPTs "Lembka" Mr. F. gross, the European analyst the Mrs. the Background Schenk, the director general of the analytical center "Ukragrokonsalt" S. Feofilov, specialists of firms took part in a seminar: "Buyer", "Dow Agrosayensis", Rayz firms. Conversation was had how to adapt the Western technologies at the expense of what it is possible to receive big crops of a winter rape in what feature of this grain culture, what economic benefits will be received by the one who will grow up a rape.
Industrialists argue to receive qualitative fuel it is necessary to have qualitative raw materials. The second component of these requirements – an oil cake going on a forage to cattle. Purchase value of a food rape on 30-35 dale. above, than technical. To fulfill these requirements it is possible at crops of two zero hybrids and rape grades, i.e. having in itself minimum admissible content of erukovy acids and glyukozinolatov.
Modern hybrids, at the expense of high energy of initial growth are capable at late terms of crops till September 20 to create for rewintering the socket in 6-7 leaves.
Soil preparation for crops of a rape is necessary for carrying out literally for the second day after cleaning of his predecessor. It is necessary zadiskovat an eddish, before it having brought 50-70 kg. ammoniac saltpeter, further to try to keep these areas in a mode polupara, mechanical or chemical way if in the field there are problem weeds.
As a rape the melkosemenny culture, is necessary careful preseeding cultivation, crops and a prikatyvaniye. The crops scheme from 30 see in a row-spacing, quantity of plants 50-70 on sq.m. Usually firm seeds are pickled from a flea beetle, diseases, any other wreckers therefore death of seeds at shoots don’t happen.
In winter it is necessary to create a rape plant the strong. It is for this purpose better to sow from nitroammofosky 50-70 kg/hectares where there is a potassium increasing winter hardiness of plants. Obligatory in the autumn to process fungitsidy folikury 0,5 l/hectares., it will protect rape leaves from diseases, let’s weaken to a plant.
In the spring it is necessary to fill up crops by nitrogen on thawed snow; 150-170 kg/hectares – ammoniac saltpeter, if necessary to repeat processing the folikury.
Carefully to watch possible development of diseases and wreckers, and especially not to miss processing against rape cvetoeda which starts to work in a butonizatsiya of plants.
Wide leaves of a plant powerfully shade the soil, let’s develop weeds. In case of germination of fruit drop of grains to apply granimicidy.
The rape from firm "Lembka" is drought-resistant and very sympathetic on additional extra root introduction of sulfur, microcells – kristallonov where the increase from 3 kg/hectares can make 3-5 c/hectares.
Features of hybrids from firm "Lembka" – simultaneous flowering – simultaneous (85-90 %) maturing of stryuchok, high and their uniform arrangement from the earth and rather not a high plant. At a direct kombaynirovaniye on good combines with rape tables this melkosemenny culture can be cleaned without loss. To start to clean early in the morning. To exclude risk it is possible to process before cleaning by the silicone glue, at least that part of crops (and some farms in the Crimea sow on 700-1200 hectares.), which will be cleaned by the last. The best humidity of grain when cleaning from 9 to 11 %.
The best hybrids from firm "Lembka" NPTs-9800, BE 18098, Artus, Cronus, novelties: Taurus, Trabant. The Maslichnost more than 50 %, potential productivity for 50ยต/hectare.
The approach to a rape as to the grain culture giving good profit, will allow to receive really good economic results and those in the Crimea are.
Productivity of hybrids of a winter rape from firm "Lembka" in 2007. Company Rayz (c/hectare).
V.Bely, director of the Crimean branch of joint stock company of the Rayz company.