The agrotechnology of cultivation of sunflower is given in article. Detailed recommendations about fight against weeds since the first period of vegetation before formation of baskets are made.
Sunflower in our country – one of the main olive cultures. Besides, it enough ustojchiv to influence of weeds. But at the same time absolutely to dismiss harm of weeds for a podsolnechyonik it is impossible: if with them due fight isn’t conducted, the crop of this culture sharply decreases.
Weeds are especially dangerous to sunflower during the first period of its vegetation – before formation of baskets. Therefore it is so important to show care of this plant at this stage.
What it is necessary to undertake first of all?
To carry out a dovskhodovy boronovaniye of crops – in 4 – 5 days prior to emergence of shoots of culture. And poskolku this year the raised contamination of the soil weeds is expected, the special attention should be turned on a poslevskhodovy boronovaniye average harrows in a phase of 2-3 presents listev.
Result of a poslevskhodovy boronovaniye – unichtozheyony over 80 % of annual weeds and more than 50 % of shoots and sprouting late weeds. Takoyova the data received by Institute of a grain hozyayyostvo.
Important point: to develop opyotimalny system of care of sunflower it is necessary to define such indicators, as:
• density of standing of plants of sunflower;
• degree and character of a contamination of each field.
What tools and equipment to use for a boroyonovaniye?
Dovskhodovoye and a poslevskhodovy boronovaniye tselesoyoobrazno to lead shirokozakhvatny tools and catarpillars.
Speed of movement:
• at a dovskhodovy boronovaniye – no more than 6 km/h;
• the poslevskhodovy – 4,5 – 5 km/h.
Depth of processing: 2-3 see Boronovaniye – poperek crops. Extent of destruction of sunflower – no more than 10 %.
If herbicides weren’t applied or their action on weeds was insufficiently effective and sornyaki it was not possible to destroy at a boronovaniye, after mass emergence of shoots of weeds sleduet to carry out interrow processings.
By researches it is established that at an ispolzoyovaniye of soil and insurance herbicides it is possible to be limited to one-two interrow obrabotkami.
On the same fields where processing by herbicides not velas, it is expedient to use the mechanized leaving – to carry out a number of boronovaniye and two mezhduryadyony processings. It will allow not only to destroy weeds, but also to improve a water-air mode of the soil on shirokoryadny crops of sunflower.
For interrow processing of sunflower in a phase of 3 real leaves (the first interrow obrabotka) on each section of a cultivator is established one lancet paw in width of capture of 222 mm and two ploskorezny paws razors.
For loosening of the soil and destruction of weeds in mezhduryadyax, ranks and protective zones at height of rasteyony 35 – 45 cm it is necessary to equip each section of a cultivator with a lancet paw in width of capture of 270 mm with two paws-okuchnikami, and on the section center on gradilyax – to fix pro-half-internal borony. Speed of movement of the unit in a phase of 4 – 5 nastoyoyashchy leaves would make – 7 km/h, and at height of 35 – 45 cm, with okuchnik – 8 – 9 km/h.
Along with mechanical receptions of leaving for posevami sunflower also soil and insurance herbicides are applied for this purpose.
But it is necessary to tell that on sunflower crops insurance herbicides meanwhile aren’t applied to destruction of dvudolyyony weeds, and perechislenyony gerbicidy* mnogoyoletnik (aren’t capable to destroy a sow-thistle, a bindweed, an euphorbia, etc.). Therefore at a contamination of crops by weeds without interrow processings not to manage.
* About application of such herbicides it is possible to read in the Balans-Agro newspaper, 2006, No. 9, page 2s. To listed there gerbicidam it is necessary to add selekt 120 (0,4 – 1,4 l/hectares) and the Arab Republic of Egypt-mo 50 (1-2 l/hectares).
And. TKALICH, manager. laboratory of olive cultures of Institute of a grain farm, candidate of agricultural sciences