Article acquaints readers with the Swiss experience of development of ecological agriculture and animal husbandry.
Foreign experience
Having emphasized on introduction of high technologies into agricultural industry, Sweden was successfully entered in the agrarian policy of the European Union aimed at decrease in grants in development of ecological agriculture and animal husbandry.
The local agricultural industry more than for 80 % provides potrebyonost of the population of the country in a prodoyovolstviye, including in milk, myase, potatoes, sugar, vegetative fats.
For the last years in Sweden process of an ukyorupneniye of farms is observed. It led to that for the last decade the number of farmers in Sweden was cut by half. The main part of farmers conducts an economy on own (not on arenyodovanny) the earth, and as labor members of the family are used generally.
This tendency is confirmed also by druyogy indicators. In particular, there is an obyoshchy reduction of a number of cattle: now 40-45 heads on the average are the share of a kazhyody farm. Thanks to a povyyosheniye of efficiency of feeding and an isyopolzovaniye of new technologies nadoi milk in the country grow.
It is tasty and is useful
Innovative processes zatragivayut and agricultural farms. Mnoyogiye from them pass to so-called organic agriculture, making biologically net production. Otyodela of organic products in supermarketax and specialized magaziny a natural food already stali norm of the Swedish everyday life, the goods in them use sproyosy, even in spite of the fact that the prices, as a rule, for 20-30 % are higher, than in usual shops.
This experience Swedes try will transfer and to Russia. A few years ago in the Leningrad region the Russian-Swedish project Agricultural industry and protection surrounding sredy, aimed at increase of an ustoyyochivost of agricultural industry of the region was started. Within the project there was razrabotana a system of an ecological meneyodzhment (SAM) which will help the ekoyologichny agrarian enterprises ekonomit money and to raise a pribylyyonost of productions. According to rukovoyoditel of the project, it is a question of so nazyyovayemy steady rural hozyayyostvo, or an agricultural proizyovodstvo of the future.
According to Association of the Swedish farmers, one more strength of agricultural industry of the country – a sotrudyonichestvo of producers with scientific issledovatelskimi institutes in oblasti medicine, the food and pererabayotyvayushchy industry. Podobyonye communications allow to be engaged in a selekyotsiya and development of the vysokokachestvenyony agricultural production corresponding to representations of sovyoremenny Swedish and the European consumer about a healthy food.
Part of Europe
Having entered in 1995 European Union, Sweden put the agricultural industry in new conditions. On the one hand, to local landowners was otkryt an exit to the European market, in rezultate that their production appeared demanded – first of all in Dayony, Finland, Germany and France. The frozen vegetables, sauces, soups, broths, margarine, berry and fruktoyovy jams, some other products use good demand Swedish sladosti.
On the other hand, large foreign producers came to an internal ryyonok that, certainly, led to competition growth.
Having estimated a problem, Swedes counted on hi-tech and ekoyologichny systems of agricultural production which it is however active prodvigaet and the European Union as a whole.
After joining of Sweden to the European Union volume of production of an orgayonichesky agricultural proyoduktsiya increased in the country from 50 thousand tons almost to 400 thousand tons annually. Sweden already embodied instructions of a noyovy agrarian policy of EU, having made the agricultural industry a sample for the countries of incorporated Europe. In favor of it a lot of things testifies: the number of farmers decreases, agrarian a predpyoriyatiya pass through a stage an ukrupneyoniya, efficiency and a proizvoditelyyonost of work raises, a neobkhodiyomost to subsidize each unit of made production disappears.
Undoubtedly, here it is necessary to note the weighed and thought-over policy of the Swedish government which has managed at more than modest prirodyony resources to deduce agricultural industry of the northern country on very vysoyoky – even to the European measures – level.
(On magazine materials To Fermerska a hospodariate).