In article the description of group of mnogoyadny wreckers, forecasts of their emergence, distribution, thresholds of injuriousness and a measure of fight against them is given.
Short-term forecast of development and distribution
Short-term forecast of development and distribution of the main wreckers and diseases in farms of the Crimea in August, 2006
Podgryzayushchiye scoops (winter, exclamatory, an upsilon) will harm within a month a beet, sunflower, corn, to vegetable cultures and long-term herbs.
Caterpillars listogryzushchy a scoop (scale karadrina, cotton, cabbage, garden, With – black) will develop on sunflower, corn, and also on fruit and berry crops, vineyards. Important for restriction of quantity podgryzayushchy the scoop is observance of agrotechnical methods. From chemical methods use preparations Zolon, Bazudin, Diazinon, Detsis, and others.
The meadow moth will harm ochazhno to sunflower, corn, a beet to long-term herbs, vegetables and other cultures. Big injuriousness will be observed in the steppe regions of the Crimea on irrigation lands. Need of protection of crops comes at number of caterpillars in crops of beet 4-5 of piece/sq.m, long-term herbs, sunflower, vegetables – 8-10 pieces/sq.m. Effective preparations: Aktellik, Bazudin, Zolon, the Parachute, etc. in the recommended norms.
Stem the corn moth, in case of moderate temperatures and humidity of the air, favorable for development of high fertility of females, will continue to harm to corn and sunflower. Crops of grain corn when settling caterpillars of 6-8 % of plants it is necessary to carry out chemical protection by preparations by Detsis, Detsis Forte, Shtefesin k.e.0,05-0,07 l/hectare, Karate, k.e. Zeon’s karate mk. with, 0,2 l/hectares, Lepidotsid, 2 kg/hectares.
Saranchovye. Zakanchivayetsyarazvitiye of larvae saranchovy in not grounds, suburbs of roads, on pastures, in regional strips. There will be a pairing, an otkladka of eggs, Italian moving prusa, a kobylok in search of fodder statsiya, separately – on sunflower, corn, vegetables, long-term herbs where they can work great mischief. Systematic supervision over population defines timely protection of crops and a tendency of their development next year.
Myshevidnye rodents after cleaning of grain crops and long-term herbs in search of a juicy forage will be will move on fields of potatoes, vegetables.
Grain and long-term herbs
The bug a harmful cherepashka will be dopityvaetsya and to depart to wintering places.
From the second half of August the grain ground beetle leaves with summer diapauzy and will postpone eggs on fruit drop of grain crops, cereal weeds.
In crops of corn mnogoyadny wreckers, scoops, stem a corn moth will harm everywhere, cereal plant louses, tsikadka, grain flea beetles, are possible damages saranchovy, a meadow moth. From diseases on corn can be dusty golovnya, gelmintosporioz, fuzarioz.
In posleukosny crops of a lucerne weevils, bugs, listogryzushchy scoops, tripsy, plant louses will breed and harm. Long-term herbs will hurt pyatnistost, askokhitozy, a rust.
In the conditions of hot, dry August the soya will be partially harmed by caterpillars a scoop, akatsiyevy ognevka, klubenkovy weevils, bugs, plant louses, the web tick which food oppresses a plant, reduces seed qualities of beans, strikes with virus and bacterial diseases. Mealy dew, a rust, septorioz, cerkosporoz, askoxitoz continue the development on plants. From wreckers (scoops, ognevka, a tick, tripsa) carry out spraying of crops by Zolon, k.e., 2.5-3 l/hectare, Bi-58 new, k.e., 0,5-1 l/hectares
Commercial crops
Leaves, stalks, flower and baskets of sunflower will damage plant louses, tripsy, tsikadka, the centers will strongly harm to plants podgryzayushchy and listogryzushchy scoops, a meadow moth, saranchevy. Development of false and mealy dew, fomoza, a bacteriosis will progress everywhere, first of all in case of a strong precipitation and in the presence of temperature 20-25o Page. In these conditions it is expedient to carry out processings by Derozal, k.s., 1,5 l/hectares (the last in 30 days prior to harvesting).
On tobacco injuriousness sucking and gnawing wreckers is expected. At high temperatures and a drought bronzing of tomatoes will extend, and in case of loss of a precipitation – white is dazzled, peronosporoz, bacterial ryabuxa.
Potatoes and vegetable cultures
Everywhere on potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants bugs and larvae of the Colorado beetle of summer generation will eat. Tomatoes will be partially harmed by caterpillars cotton, garden a scoop.
On paslenovy cultures development fitoftoroza, makrosporioza, a virus mosaic will proceed. Improvement of plantations should be carried out, strictly observing expectation Terms.
On cabbage injuriousness of krestotsvetny flea beetles, bugs, caterpillars of white butterflies, cabbage plant louses, moths will be observed in large quantities. Also it is necessary to expect manifestation of diseases of a bacteriosis, perenosporoza, fomoza.
Fruit crops and vineyards
In the first decade of August everywhere in gardens the mass otrozhdeniye of vagabonds of the Californian shchitovka of the 2nd generation is expected. Injuriousness of a yablonny plodozhorka of the 2nd generation also will proceed. Everywhere on a young gain of kostochkovy and semechkovy cultures sucking wreckers (plant louses, pincers, deaf adders, bugs) will continue the development.
Under favorable weather conditions fruit-trees will continue to hurt mealy dew, a parshy apple-tree and a pear, a brown spottiness klyasterosporiozy, kokkomikozy, a rust.
On clusters of grapes will be dopityvatsya caterpillars of a grozdevy listovertka of the second generation, the 3rd generation will develop further. Leaves will be damaged grape zudny and a web tick. From diseases more extensive distribution oidiuma and defeat mildyu is expected. Processings to spend preparations Horus 75 century of, 0,5-0,7 l/hectares, the Acrobat of MTs of century of, 2 l/hectares, Bayleton page of item of 0,15-0,3 kg/hectares.
V. Permyakov, chief of the State station of protection of plants, V.Sad, leading agriculturist of laboratory of forecasts and diagnostics.