The publication about negative practice of farms – such as burning of the pozhnivny remains. A smoke from having weeded – a powerful pollutant of atmospheric air, fire destroys biocenoses, the soil humus is lost. Zapakhivaniye of the crushed straw gives the chance to enrich the soil with nutrients, to raise humus level, fertility of soils, to reduce quantity vegetative mineral podkormok, etc
Who didn’t see gloomy smoking fields during a postharvest time? To test pressing smell of a caustic smoke – pleasant it is not enough. Well, to get rid of the unnecessary pozhnivny remains and straw one – to burn. Both quickly it turns out, and it is cheap. There is no eddish – there is no problem! But – whether isn’t present?
Smoke from floors – a powerful pollutant of atmospheric air. Each 1000 hectares of the burned eddish allocate in the atmosphere of 500 kg of oxides of nitrogen, 370 kg of hydrocarbons, 3 tons of ashes, 20 tons of carbonic and charcoal gases.
Together with the vegetative remains fire destroys also the whole biocenoses, the soil humus is lost. Its losses in the top layer of earth when burning the pozhnivny remains make 1.3 t/hectares. For compensation of such losses of a humus introduction of organic fertilizers in volume about 13 t/hectares is necessary.
Eddish and straw burning agricultural producers cause a damage to the economy. Calculations show that burning of an eddish of winter wheat once for rotation at a crop of 25-30 c/hectares destroys such quantity of organic substance and a blanket of the soil which it is possible to compensate only introduction of 15 tons of manure on each hectare. When burning eddish for rotation 9-10-polnogo a crop rotation annual work of farms on vyvozke and to introduction of 4-5 tons of manure on 1 hectare of an arable land is literally destroyed!
The analysis of a chemical composition of straw testifies: at a straw crop 30-35 kg/hectares of phosphorus come back to 5 t/hectares to the soil and to 66 kg/hectares of nitrogen to 40 kg/hectares of potassium. Proceeding from the content of nutrients in offered by the chemical industry of fertilizers, it is comparable with introduction of 80 kg/hectares of potash and 190 kg/hectares of nitric fertilizers in physical weight tukov. Besides, straw contains many microcells. Certainly, the nutritious elements connected in organic substance, will be available to plants only in 3-5 years – after straw decomposition. But at systematic introduction of straw this problem disappears by itself.
It is expedient to pay prime attention to organic fertilizers of a phytogenesis, using without additional expenses that the nature gave us. Here the extreme importance, according to the conclusion of scientists, gets the correct use of straw and other pozhnivny remains, as organic fertilizer, at the minimum ways of processing of the soil. It is most expedient to return straw directly to the soil as fertilizer and a power material for development of processes of soil formation.
According to the content of organic substance of 1 t of straw it is equivalent 3.5-4.0 t of manure.
The soils crushed and evenly scattered on a surface before the main autumn processing straw creates mulching layer. It protects the soil from sharp temperature differences, carrying out function of the optimizer of a temperature mode.
There are two methods of introduction of the vegetative remains. The first, use of special units (for example hook-on grinders of straw, such as RICE – 2). The second, application on cleaning of combines with the built-in grinders.
The choice of this or that method is defined, first of all, by economic indicators of their efficiency in the conditions of a concrete economy.
However, at such agroreception as introduction of straw is one feature. Straw in the first years of its use as fertilizer can’t solve a problem of shortage of a nitric food at once. Therefore in the first years together with straw for restoration of nitric balance and receiving a grain yield of 30 c/hectares introduction in the field of 5-8 kg of nitric fertilizers in physical weight on one ton of the brought straw is necessary.
In this case there will be no decrease in the grain yield observed in the first year of introduction of straw in the field without mineral podkormok. The real economy on mineral fertilizers especially in the first years will develop not at the expense of complete refusal of them, and at the expense of decrease in norms of introduction. Existence of "superfluous" operation on straw introduction in the general cycle of mekhanizatorsky works is compensated for the account of reduction of quantity vegetative mineral podkormok.
So, a choice behind an economy. And the solution of this task – an important factor on a way of increase of productivity.
On newspaper materials To Fermerska hospodariate.