In article it is told about a role of bacterial preparations of multifunctional action in ovoshhevodste and ways of their application.
Receiving high-quality non-polluting crop production which would provide necessary level of health of the person, the main objective of biological agriculture
Receiving high-quality non-polluting crop production which would provide necessary level of health of the person, the main objective of biological agriculture. One of its main directions is application of microbic preparations at cultivation of crops.
The microorganisms being a basis of biological products, are allocated from the soil and rizosfer of plants. They possess a complex of useful properties: have antagonistic effect on phytopathogens, improve a mineral food of plants, raise the contents in vegetables of high-grade protein, sugars, ascorbic acid, vitamins, reduce the content of nitrates.
Application of active strains of microorganisms of poliyofunktsiyoonalny action allows to develop the modern agrotechnologies, capable to provide increase of a crop, its quality, and also preservation of fertility of the soil and improvement of its fytosanitory condition.
Development and application of such technologies are especially important in vegetable growing as vegetables – the irreplaceable source of vitamins and biologically active substances – are used, generally fresh, are used for a baby and dietary food. According to the Kiev scientific research institute of hygiene of a food for normal activity it is necessary for each person to consume 134 kg of vegetables a year.
In the Southern branch of Institute of agricultural microbiology of UAAN bacterial preparations of FMB and BSP, azotobakterin (a strain 10702) which bioagents are the associative microorganisms possessing agronomical useful properties are developed. Their efficiency is already proved on bean and cereals. Laboratory and vegetative trials showed efficiency of preseeding processing by these preparations of seeds of a number of vegetable cultures.
It is established that plants of a tomato, cabbage, a garden radish, salad, are sensitive to bacterization by bacterial preparations of FMB, BSP, azotobakteriny and their mixes. The processed seeds give shoots for 1-2 days earlier and in the development of a plant exceed control throughout the entire period of cultivation. At one cultures the mass of an elevated part, quantity of leaves in comparison with control without processing of seeds by biological products, at others – considerably raises at an insignificant difference in the height, the bacterized plants have better the developed root system. Under the influence of biological products formation of generativny bodies at tomato sprouts is accelerated, fructification earlier begins.
Throughout 2000-2003 on the basis of field hospitals of the Crimean state agrotechnological university (KGATU) and the Crimean experimental station of vegetable growing of Institute of the southern vegetable growing and melon growing (SLANTWISE IYuOB) were carried out field researches and development of technology of application of biological products at cultivation of cabbage early grades Ditmarsher a fryuer and a grade tomato Chance by rassadny way. As a standard used a biological product agrofil, developed by the All-Russia scientific research institute of agricultural microbiology at the end of the last century which well proved in vegetable growing of the Crimea. The increase of a crop of cabbage to control in separate years made 31 % in option with processing of BSP and 17 % at application of a preparation of FMB, a tomato – 21 and 11 % respectively. By results of four field experiments which have been carried out in different conditions of cultivation of vegetable plants, increase of productivity of cabbage and a tomato under the influence of biological products on the average from 6 to 14 % concerning control (fig. 1,2, look above) is established.
Decrease in phytotoxicity of the soil rizosfer of cabbage in options with application of preparations to 0-10,0 % is noted at 12,9 % in control.
Considering that biological products have the low prices, application of microbiological preparations at cultivation of vegetable cultures at decrease in doses of mineral fertilizers increases economic efficiency of receiving vegetables. Slight increase of expenses allows to reduce product cost, and level of profitability of receiving a tomato of a grade Chance raises for 6 % when processing FMB 32-3 and for 8 % – BSP concerning control without use of biological products (see the table).
Economic efficiency of application of biological products of FMB 32-3 and BSP at cultivation of a tomato of a grade Chance for 2000-2002.
Indicators of economic efficiency of application of biological products at cultivation of cabbage of the belokochanny early are more considerable that speaks features of culture, in particular its simultaneous cleaning. Level of profitability of production of cabbage of a grade Ditmarsher a fryuer at application of a biological product of FMB 32-3 increases by 19 %, and when processing BSP – for 35 % in relation to existing technology without use of biological products.
Way of application of biological products.
For processing of seeds the preparation or its suspension with water is put on seeds in number of 2 % from their weight. The bacterized seeds carefully mix up for uniform distribution of a biological product, some minutes are dried on air to flowability and sowed. Processing and hashing of seeds is convenient for making on a polyethylene film. It is necessary to avoid direct sunshine.
At sprouts disembarkation in open soil repeated bacterization of its root system by one of ways is recommended:
– obmakivany sprouts in the talker of suspension of a preparation (1 part of a preparation: 100 parts of water) with a small amount of the soil;
– watering in a hole on root system of a plant when landing by the same suspension (100 ml on 1 plant);
- on the big areas biological products bring with irrigation water through tanks of rassadoposadochny cars (cultivation 1:400).
Repeated bacterization at sprouts disembarkation in open soil allowed to receive for three years in far not optimum weather conditions an increase of a crop of a tomato of a grade Chance of 39 c/hectares (to 14 %), grade cabbage Ditmarsher a fryuer – 68 c/hectares (to 27 %).
Use of biological products is incompatible with application of pesticides.
Cost 1l a preparation averages 120 hryvnias. All preparations are effective and ecologically safe.