At the initiative of the ministry of agropolicy of AR Crimea at experimental station of gardening of UAAN republican scientific and practical conference on gardening took place. Conference considered questions of a condition and perspective development of gardening in the republic. Specialists of the ministry, scientists, heads and experts of gardening farms, representatives of business concerns and the trading organizations took part in work of conference.
Ministry of an agrarian policy of the Autonomous Republic Crimea Crimean experimental station of gardening
At the initiative of the Ministry of an agrarian policy of the Crimea in the village Small the Simferopol area at experimental station of gardening there took place conference of gardeners of the Crimea, considered questions of a condition and perspective development of gardening in our republic.
Leading experts of the branch, irrigated agriculture, agroexperts in marketing, representatives of design establishments, employees of the Ministry of an agrarian policy of the Crimea took part in work of conference ucheny.
The report A condition and prospects of development, gardening in the Autonomous Republic Crimea was made by the first deputy the Ministry of an agrarian policy of ARK S. P. Pelagenko.
At conference the speaker noted that in the 1990th years in connection with loss of sales markets in the next abroad export of fruits and products of their processing out of borders of the Republic started to be reduced. In this regard the areas of gardens systematically annually began to decrease by 2,3 thousand hectares, with the same regularity gross collecting decreased, productivity decreased.
As a result of hard frosts in winter and later, during the spring periods, there was a death not only a crop, but also, partially, plantings.
In 2000 the area of gardens made already only 39,4 t. hectare, including fructifying – 35 t. hectare, specific weight of young plantings made only 11 %. Productivity made 22,5 c/hectares, gross collecting – 77 thousand tn. Against almost complete termination of landings of young gardens (294 hectares) the raskorchevka of gardens – 4,3 thousand hectares was actively conducted.
The same tendencies remained and after 2000. The big loss was put to gardening in 1999, 2001, 2002, 2004. As a result in 2005 the area of gardens in agricultural enterprises made 18952 hectares, including fructifying 16980 hectares, specific weight of young plantings of 10,4 %. Gross collecting made 32,7 thousand tn 57,1 % from the plan, at productivity of 21,2 c/hectares.
These figures eloquently confirm that fact that the gardening branch didn’t overcome so far recession and the crisis phenomena in the development.
At the heart of crisis of this branch the complex of the reasons of macroeconomic, financial and economic, organizational and technological and material character lies.
Accepted in 1999g. The law of Ukraine About collecting on development of wine growing, gardening and a hmelevodstvo No. 587-XVIPO to a variety of reasons couldn’t brake considerably the crisis phenomena and provide a sustainable development of branch. The mechanism of implementation of this Law appeared far from perfect and absolutely not transparent and not logical.
In 2005g. the sum of expenses agricultural enterprises on landing and care of young gardens made 26534,9 thousand, at the expense of means of 1 % of collecting 8270 thousand UAH or only 31 % are compensated. During too time a number of agricultural enterprises of various forms of ownership appeared not not financed.
As a result of the extremely insufficient financing of agricultural producers at the expense of funds of 1 % of collecting, deficiency of own volumes for use of credit resources commercial bankovvypolneny Programs of stabilization and development of gardening of the Crimea breaks.
In 2005 only 472 hectares of new gardens (65 %) from the plan while minimum necessary areas of landing should be within 1200 hectares are planted. Aren’t executed as well other indicators of the program. At the plan of 396 hectares of all for a lane 172,5 hectares (43,5 %) are established. The drop irrigation is carried out on the area of 517 hectares (90 %) at the plan of 572 hectares.
As of 01.01.06 gardens in all categories of farms occupy the space of 28545 hectares, from them 26209 hectares – fructifying. In public sector there were only 16677 hectares of gardens. Their pedigree structure looks as follows:
Forecast of production of fruit for 2006 on all categories of farms-54333 tn, including: The semechkovy – 32795 tn, kostochkovy – 21088 tn.
Agricultural enterprises is planned to make 38370 tn fruit from them: The semechkovy – 27065 tn, kostochkovy – 11034 tn.
The serious problem demanding the immediate decision which is impossible without budget financing – age structure of plantings and landing of young gardens.
As of 01.01.06 of 16677 hectare gardens young occupy the space of 1720 hectares – 10,3 %. It for 10 % below the scientific and reasonable standard (20 %). During too time gardens are aged more senior than 16 years occupy the space of 8053 hectares (51 %). They almost unpromising also demand urgently replacement.
Here in twist to a sharpness there is a problem of landing of new plantings and its financing.
The specified development program of gardening in the ARK agro-industrial complex for 2006 provides the following complex of works on a bookmark and care of young gardens: landing – 1152,5 hectares, care of young gardens – 2112 hectares, lane installation – 849 hectares, irrigation construction – 1266 hectares.
Means are in full necessary for performance of all complex of works in the sum of 76,6 million UAH.
It is obvious that at the expense of own current assets provide standard landings of new gardens only separate enterprises can. But at the existing mechanism of registration of the short-term credits of commercial banks to solve a question of financing of landings of gardens it is impossible. Therefore the Ministry of an agrarian policy of the Autonomous Republic Crimea constantly brings an attention to the question the Ministry of an agrarian policy of Ukraine about increase of volume of compensation of expenses for a bookmark and care of young gardens at the expense of means of one-percentage collecting to level of 70-75 %.
Also the question of allocation, within state and regional development programs of gardening, the long-term target credits for a laying of new gardens, for a period of 10 years from the repayment beginning their ambassador of the introduction of plantings in fructification is solved.
The interest rate of the commercial credits should be compensated in 100 % volume at the expense of means of one-percentage collecting. The credits to return since the moment of the introduction of plantings in fructification within five next years equal shares.
If to analyse implementation of the program 2005g. it is possible to tell that it unsatisfactory. Carried out of the obligations taken, so to speak, on landing of only 7 enterprises. At the plan of 573 hectares 472 hectares are planted. Pursued the scheme: ZASO And / f "Chernomorets" – 20 hectares, SOOO Friendship of the people – 246 hectares, ChSP "Belief" – 40 hectares, KFH "Nectarine" – 2,8 hectares, JSC Sovkhoz Vesna – 66,9 hectares, FH Solar valley – 0,5 hectares, state of emergency the Hare of I.Ya. – 1,4 hectares, some planted over and above the plan.
If to speak about reconstruction of gardens, it makes only 2,4 % from all area of plantings. All represent that it for percent if gardens intensive in 10-15 years demand replacement.
It is not pursued the scheme lane installation in Nizhnegorsky and Pervomaisk areas.
Even worse affairs with the device of a drop irrigation in gardens are. At us young gardens, till 4 years, 1412 hectares on a drop irrigation – 475 hectares (33,6 %) are constructed – 299 hectares, total on a drop irrigation – 774,5 hectares (54,8 %).
There is no hectare in ZASO and / f "Chernomorets", JSC Pobeda, JSC Plodopitomnik, "Verkhorechye’s" JSC A/F, POH "Magarach" KFAF Gardens of Ukraine. Only 5 hectares in JSC Burlyuk (all young – 99 hectares), 28,5 hectares in JSC Sovkhoz Vesna (141,4 hectares).
The farms having the area of young gardens to 100 hectares and planning a raising of economy on fruit first of all are called.
All perfectly understand that moisture in the Crimea, as a rule, doesn’t suffice. The lesson to it is 2005. To be engaged fruit without an irrigation, a waste of time. It was necessary to observe quality of a crop of apples in KSP of March 8 of the Dzhankoysky area. The garden in a tall weeds, didn’t pour down, from the Californian shchitovka trees white, and apples of a "red" coloring, are struck for 80 % with a plodozhorka. Tell, who needs such apple? In the same situation and state farm "Foothills" of the Belogorsky area, SZAO "Simirenko" of the Soviet area.
Many enterprises, receiving the budgetary 1 % of means, don’t spend also their debts for leaving. Extremely poorly supervise a condition of gardening of management of agricultural industry of Belogorsky, Kirov, Saksky, Simferopol areas. As result, considerable decrease in the areas of gardens, unsatisfactory quality of fruits.
And here examples in 1990 had 63852 hectares fruit yagodnix plantings and made 417327 tn fruit, and on the average for 1986-1990 – 326330 tn.
In 2005 the area was within 18952 hectares, and fruit made 37,5 thousand tn at productivity of 23,2 c/hectares. Decrease in production made 91,0 %.
Such indicators suit nobody, you, dear production workers, neither consumers, nor the Ministry of agropolicy of the Crimea.
We have a science which renders to all who will ask the help. And in principle any, after a scrap, for example, and on leaving. But having heard to councils of scientists, you right there forget about them. And gardens as grew, as didn’t pour down, in such situation and remain, and as to chemical protection, it in general a nonsense. Chemical protection doesn’t work. In need of adverse year to 10 chemical processings, carry out only 3-4 processings.
I want to give an example – JSC Druzhba narodov of the Krasnogvardeysky area. Same there were badly kept gardens. Without an irrigation and all in the Californian shchitovka. In an economy decided these gardens not to clean, and to put things in order. Constructed in them a drop irrigation. Annually, 2 years, 3 sprayings against the Californian shchitovka, an eradicating and 2 summer preparation lead the 30th and DNOKOM. Go to them and find at least 1 apple with a shchitovka prick. And it is necessary to go in August when at you apples already fell down from a drought. Estimate the size of their apples!
Today JSC Druzhba narodov puts the nursery and will grow up an apple-tree on M9 and kostochkovy on a dwarfish stock. Our nurseries won’t be reconstructed in any way. Certainly, there is also some "but". You after all don’t order saplings, and will order – won’t take away, therefore JSC Plodopitomnik is guided by the next areas which will arrive will take away more and will pay money.
Here such not punctuality also generated mistrust of nurseries to agricultural enterprises.
Formation of a crop of 2006 in fructifying gardens semechkovy will be obvious to consist from sanitary scraps of trees.
Kostochkovye is necessary for cutting off gardens after swelling of a kidney or even at the beginning of flowering.
Such approaches together with good leaving and protection can give a certain crop.
And. MESNYANKIN, head of department of long-term plantings of MINAPK of ARK.