In this publication the scientific heritage of scientist I.V. Michurin is shined.
ROLE of SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE And
I.V. Michurin’s scientific heritage is great and diverse. Results of its researches in the field of hybridization of ekologo-geographically remote forms, returnable skreshchiyovaniye, step acclimatization of fruit crops forever were included into gold fund of krupyoneyshy achievements of domestic and miroyovy selection. Many from created by it sortov, differing the raised morozoustoyyochivost, formed a reliable basis for advance of gardens to new areas. With imeyony I.V. Michurin formation and development of gardening of the Urals, Siberia, the Far East is connected. Michurinsk grades of fruit and berry crops later many a desyatileyotiya didn’t lose the value – nekotoyory from them are successfully cultivated and during nayostoyashchy time.
The boyogateyshy genofund of fruit and berry crops collected by Ivan Vladimirovich from various regions of the globe both its own grades and hybrids are widely used today in selection processe as donors of valuable signs.
It is a lot of hardship and deprivations it was necessary preodolet to the great scientist on the tvorchesyoky way. N.I.Vavilov wrote about the proslavlenyony selector: In Ivan Vladiyomirovich Michurin’s life there is a lot of instructive: the feat, iron will, an uporyostvo, enormous work is instructive.
Publishing in 1911 the first kapitalyyony work Removal of new cultivars of fruit-trees and bushes from seeds, I.V. Michurin with bitterness noted: I had to pore within 33 years over pity plots of land in the sizes, otkayozyvy to myself in the most necessary, it was necessary to tremble for each penny spent for business that the next year there would be a vozmozhyonost though somehow, barely vospitat still superfluous ten seyanets … About mateyorialny support and there is nothing to speak – etogo in Russia for useful affairs and dozhdeshsya never…. And after, in the avtobiograyofiya, answering questionnaire questions, Ivan Vladiyomirovich will write: Material the obespecheyony – any, only the work. Conditions raboty – the heaviest on a lack of means and helplessness.
At the same time, despite available difficulties I.V. Michurin rejected the predloyozheny Governments of the USA about moving him with a family and nursery to America.
Only in the early twenties the past a stoleyotiya after V.I.Lenin became interested in I.V. Michurin’s works, at the scientist poyavlyayutsya regular assistants, pupils and spodyovizhnik, are created normal conditions for creative work.
In 1923 the nursery where I.V. Miyochurin worked, is recognized as the Government of the Russian Federation uchrezhdeyoniy, having the state value. In 1928 on the basis of this nursery there was organizovana the experimental station reorganized in 1934 into the Central genetic laboyoratoriya of. I.V. Michurin, grown during nayostoyashchy time in large scientifically – issledoyovatelsky institution – all-union scientific research institute of genetics and selection of fruit plants. In the autumn of 1929 opens Selection rastenievodcheskij technical school of. I.V. Michurin. In 1930 the Central fruit and berry station which in 1931 was preobrazovana in the Central scientific issledovatelyyosky institute of a northern fruit and berry economy, and later – in sadovodyostvo all-union scientific research institute is organized of. I.V. Michurin. In 1931 was obrazovan educational Fruit-and-vegetable institute (nowadays Michurinsk state agrarian university). In 1934 the country torzhestvenyono celebrated the 60 anniversary of scientific activity of I.V. Michurin. Mass anniversary a meyoropriyatiya promoted understanding of istinyony scale of a scientific feat of the great scientist. Same year Presidium VASXNIL appropriated it a scientific degree of the doctor of biological and agricultural sciences on set of his scientific works Results of six-ten years’ works; on July 1, 1935 it becomes the honorary member of Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and in three days – the full member VASXNIL.
Much to regret of, after Ivayon Vladimirovich death during long vremeni his name was used by nedobrosovesyotny scientists in fight against N.I.Vavilov’s genetichesyoky school. Known scientists-biologists repeatedly opposed falyyosifikatsiya of scientific views of I.V. Michurin as it never denied importance genetiki as sciences and the works made a suyoshchestvenny contribution to its development.
At the same time, having protected I.V. Michurin’s reputation from unreasonable charges, we remain in an irredeemable duty to memory of this great scientist. Hardly it would remain is happy with a segodyonyashny condition of the Russian gardening, to formation and which development devoted all the life.
In recent years the ustoychiyovy tendency of reduction of the areas, zanyayoty is observed by fruit and berry crops. Counting on one inhabitant it is made vsego 20 – 22 kg of fruits and berries (at optimum medical norm of 125 kg).
Many farms have no means for a vosstayonovleniye and reconstruction of old gardens and a bookmark new, purchase of fertilizers, preparatov for fight against diseases and wreckers, modern equipment.
The high prices for industrial means of production, services, tax burden podnimayut prime cost of a made produkyotsiya to level, in 2 – 3 times exceeding its realizatsionny prices.
Scientific providing gardening branch of Russia 17 higher education institutions of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, a number of experimental stations and botanical gardens carry out 9 specialized and 10 large departments scientific issledovatelskix Rosselkhozakademiya’s institutes, raspoloyozhenny basically agricultural zonax the countries.
In Russia there are examples of high achievements of scientists in researches on a seyolektsiya and technologies of cultivation of plodoyovo-berry cultures, development scientific a razrayobotok in the advanced gardening farms.
At the same time still there are many scientific problems of the funyodamentalny and applied character which reyosheniye will allow considerably uluchshit scientific providing gardening branch.
It is necessary for scientist to intensify funyodamentalny researches in the field of a fiyoziologiya, biochemistry, microbiology, genetic engineering. A special urgency priobretayut development of new biotechnological methods of selection process and creation on their basis of new grades and hybrids of ployodovy, berry cultures, and also stocks of ployodovy breeds with high stability to ekyostremalny conditions of the environment.
Today rural producers wait from scientists of more perfect a razraboyotok on the integrated systems of conducting gardening on the basis of new grades, podvoev and effective modern designs of plantings. The special attention follows udelit to development of reliable, ecologically beyozopasny technologies of storage fruit yagodnoj to production in the adjustable environment, obesyopechivayushchy the minimum losses and maksiyomalny preservation of nutritional value; to development of new foodstuff of massoyovy consumption on the basis of fruit and yagodyony raw materials for various age national groups, and also products medical profilakticheskogo appointments; to development and development of perspective technologies of a pererayobotka of juicy fruit and berry raw materials with the maximum safety of initial valuable bioactive connections.
In work of meeting took part ucheyony Germany, Hungary, Poland, India, Ukrayoina, Belarus. In total okolo 300 people, are heard and discussed 16 dokladov, the scientific sections provided by the program.
At ceremonial meeting the big group of scientists and experts for high merits in a scientific and production deyayotelnost were awarded by the gold and seyorebryany medals, valuable presents, certificates of honor of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, Rosselkhozakademiya’s certificates of honor, agrarian committee of the State Duma, administrations of the Tambov region and of Miyochurinsk.