In article it is told about rice-growing branch in the Crimea.
</^V production, as a rule, efficiency of grades of rice doesn’t answer their biological potential
In March, 2006 the president signed the Decree About measures for development of irrigated agriculture in Ukraine which before agrarian branch was renewal objectives at the proper level activity of a water and meliorative complex, improvements of investment climate in the sphere of production of agricultural production and, first of all, – the Ukrainian fig.
The considerable part of rice-growing farms of Ukraine settles down in the Crimea.
In 2007 this culture was poseyana Crimean risovodami on the area of 12,7 thousand hectares from which risovody autonomies collected 79,3 thousand ton of rice raw. Average productivity of white gold in farms of the Crimea made 62,5 c/hectares (after completion – 53,5 c/hectares).
The highest indicators of productivity were reached in SOOO Perekop’s Storm where from each of 2274 hectares it was collected on 82,1 centners of rice grain, in JSC Vest – on 77 c/hectares on the area of 130 hectares, in JSC Avis-Agro Sivash – on 77µ/hectare on the area of 790 hectares.
Such indicators of productivity allow to speak about considerable prospects of development of the rice-growing direction in structure of agrarian branch of AR Crimea.
Rice belongs to the most widespread crops of the modern world. It sow more than in 100 countries on the areas which are annually occupying about 150 million hectares. World production of rice comes nearer to half a billion tons per year.
Rice – the main food product for the most part of the population of Earth. And though in Ukraine it doesn’t occupy a dominant position in a diet of our citizens, the branch of a risovodstvo remains necessary for domestic agricultural industry.
The culture of rice in Ukraine totals only some decades. However its domestic grades can compete to success with the best world samples: on quality indicators they don’t concede foreign, and on flavoring and nutritious properties often exceed them. To be convinced of it, far it is not necessary to go, it is enough to pay attention, whose rice of production prevails in purchases of our compatriots: as a rule is "Crimean" fig.
Rice cultivation, under condition of ensuring its high productivity, remains effective and economic for risoseyushchy farms. Over a problem of improvement of grades and technologies of cultivation of this culture the UAAN rice Institute, (Skadovsk of the Kherson area) successfully works.
One of the major problems over which the staff of Institute of rice today works, the problem of discrepancy of biological potential of a grade of its efficiency is at direct use in production.
To understand this problem scientists of institute on fields SOOO Perekop’s Storm and SOOO "Dnepragro" located in the Krasnoperekopsky region of AR Crimea, in 2007 field experiments on studying of efficiency of grades of rice of new selection for the first time were put: Antya, Gichkin’s Memories, Premium, Prestige, Serpnevy.
It is necessary to note that weather conditions of 2007 for rice development throughout all vegetative period developed very favorably. The sum active temperatur during its vegetation made 3339,1 ° that passing of all phases of development of a plant and to reduction of the period of its vegetation promoted acceleration.
Srednesuyotochnye temperatures of the period of vegetation of rice in 2007 exceeded long-term average temperatures on 2–3 °. Night temperatures decreased below biological level only in two cases in June. In other months the amplitude of a daily course of temperatures was above usual level. In many respects, exactly an environment promoted disclosure of biological potential both studied grades, and other grades of rice being in production risovodov of the Krasnoperekopsky area which received record average productivity for all history of a risoseyaniye in Ukraine – on 66,6 c/hectares of white grain.
In SOOO "Dnepragro" experience was put on the predecessor meliopole on optimum for rice a nutritious background of N90P50 + by N50. In the specified conditions studied grades showed the following productivity: Antya – 80,1 c/hectares, Gichkin’s Memories – 88,0 c/hectares, the Premium – 74,1 c/hectares, Prestige – 63,1 c/hectares, Serpnevy – 63,4 c/hectares.
Studied grades belong to various groups of maturing. Vysoyokiye air temperatures of summer of 2007 considerably reduced vegetation term, and on maturing terms these grades had the following characteristics:
Vegetative features of grades of rice
In this experience grades of Memory of Gichkin and the Premium were most brightly allocated.
The grade of Memory of Gichkin, relating to srednepozdny group, showed the highest absolute productivity – 88,0 c/hectares. It differs weak drowning and very large grain. Weight of one thousand grains – 32-33 g. The made grain has high commodity indicators. Rice of a grade of Memory of Gichkin ripens almost a week earlier Anthea that plays great value in definition of terms of the beginning of cleaning.
The grade the Premium belongs to group of the sredneranny. In 2007 it ripened in 102 days and was ready to cleaning already on August 24. Productivity of 74,1 c/hectares answers biological potential of a sredneranny grade. Zernovka extended, by the width makes a ratio of length 2,2–2,4:1. The made grain has very beautiful trade appearance. Maturing of grain took place almost for two weeks before rice of a grade of Memory of Gichkin and almost for three weeks earlier Anthea.
The modern approach to high-quality policy assumes existence at the enterprise which is engaged in cultivation of rice, 20-25 % of the areas taken with early grades. It allows the enterprise to begin earlier cleaning, to avoid an overload and a stop of currents, idle time of combines and, in final itoge, in the best terms to finish cleaning. The crop shortage in comparison with late-ripening grades is leveled at the expense of more expensive early sale of grain of rice of a new crop, or rice raw sale in August, kogda still nobody began cleaning and the price for a raw is rather high.
To SOOO Perekop’s Storm of research were carried out on a predshestyovennik a layer of long-term herbs. In this experience there was a task to specify doses of the mineral fertilizers answering to biological potential of grades.
It is established that on a layer of long-term herbs application of mineral fertilizers in N60 dose before sowing (the main introduction) allows to open biological potential of studied grades, being optimalyyony option of application of mineral fertilizers.
Application of nitric fertilizers at top dressing (N30) on a layer of long-term herbs was ineffective, and application of phosphoric fertilizers (R30) at the main introduction was inefficient.
Iccledovaniya on studying of biological potential of new grades were carried out in the Krasnoperekopsky region of AR Crimea for the first time. However the Institute of UAAN rice plans to continue actively studying of the vital issues of a risoseyaniye in this region that will give the chance to render further the necessary concrete teoreticheyosky and practical help Crimean risovodam.
A.KOLTSOV
candidate of agricultural sciences,
senior research associate of Institute of UAAN rice