In Ukraine the fastened way of the maintenance of cows meanwhile prevails. Nevertheless recently the situation started to change here and there.
A certain quantity of farms reconstructs or builds new cowsheds, entering effective bezprivyazno-boksovy system of the contents. In these farms of cows contain bezprivyazno in boxes. Feed them with moist fodder mixes from fodder tables. For milking use parallel or elochka type installation.Navoz from rooms delete with skreperny installations or a tractor with a buldozerny hinge plate. It gives the chance to reduce labor costs by service of cows, namely: thanks to fodder tables of an expense smaller for 42 %; feeding by a homogeneous moist fodder mix (one or two times per day) saves about 50 %, and service by a milking hall – nearly 35 %.
Creation for animal comfortable conditions of the contents, ensuring the balanced feeding, an effective control system of herd give the chance to receive every year from each cow of 6-8 thousands kg of milk.
One of conditions of application of the bezprivyazny contents is refusal of use of the feeding troughs which service demands big expenses of work. Optimum option of a place for a skarmlivaniye of volume forages is application of fodder tables.
Fodder table – this specially equipped along the line of feeding of cattle an equal covering in width to 5 m with a forward restrictive border for placement of forages. Such sizes of a fodder table give the chance to accumulate on is mute daily or even three-five daily norm of moist fodder mixes.
The stern which arrive in digestive organs in a look kormosmesi, are digested better and have the highest factor of return.
Nowadays on the majority of cattle-breeding farms where contain cattle, for loading of forages use universal loaders, and for transportation and distribution of a fodder mix and forages – razdatchikirmm-5 and KTU-10A. Preparation for a skarmlivaniye of fodder components and prigotovlenieiz them a high-grade fodder mix carry out by obsolete cars of feed-preparation houses of the CORK-15 type and KTsK-5 or on self-made processing lines. These designs as usual don’t meet zooengineering requirements which are shown to quality of a fodder mix. Such lines need considerable expenses of work and energy, they aren’t reliable in work and metal-consuming.
On farms with modern technological decisions for preparation of forages use mobile kormoprigotovitelny units.
Depending on configuration, such unit can carry out operations on loading, crushing, mixing and distribution of forages and can be hook-on or self-propelled. It is necessary for their optimum work, that:
storages with fodder components were rather close from each other and, as a whole, from cattle-breeding rooms;
all roads in the territory of a cattle-breeding farm were equal and with a firm covering (that is caused by low base of units);
depending on a complete set, in an economy obtained additional loading resources;
according to a served livestock there was a volume of the bunker of the unit (proceeding from a condition that 1 m3 mixes it is possible to feed 17-29 cows depending on frequency of feeding);
technological passes of the reconstructed rooms were prepared taking into account overall dimensions of a mobile cattlefeeder mixer; moving of manure channels are equipped with special floorings, and the height of a fodder trench was lower than height of installation of the vygruzny conveyor of the razdatchika-mixer.
One car with volume of the bunker 8 of m3 can provide 400 cows according to zootekhnicheskimtrebovaniye of duration of distribution of forages, i.e. it is no more than 1,5-2 hours.
There is a question, whether it is possible to use such units if aren’t provided the first and second condition of our conclusions? Answer simple: it is possible, but with application kombinirovannogokormoprigotovitelny agregatana to a stationary basis. In this case the day norm of all kormovyxkomponentov can be delivered in granaries of a room of the fodder block. To load forages into the kormoprigotovitelny unit it is possible tractor face-to-face pogruzchikomili with the help the crane beam. For distribution of forages (KTU-10A type) ispolzuyutkormorazdatchik. Such configuration is justified by that:
the fence of day norm of fodder components from storage is carried out for one entrance of a cattlefeeder and transported to kormopunktu;
there is a continuous process of preparation of a fodder mix;
in case of malfunction of the kormoprigotovitelny unit there is an alternative way of distribution of forages (kormo-mix) – to use cattlefeeders KTU-10A, RMM-5, etc.
The scheme of a line processing line of preparation of forages and razdachauproshhaetsya to such look: loading of fodder components in mobile means – delivery komponentovv preparation point kormosmesi – unloading of components in granaries – creation of a stock of fodder components (1-10 days) – loading face-to-face pogruzchikomkomponentov in the mixer grinder – preparation kormosmesi – loading of a fodder mix in a mobile cattlefeeder – its delivery to skarmlivaniye places – transportation along the feeding front – the dosed-out delivery in feeding troughs – clarification of feeding troughs or a fodder table.
For mechanization of the main technological operations sets of cars and the equipment are used:
hinged face-to-face pogruzchikna to base of a MTZ 80/82/892 tractor or YuMZ-80.1/82.1, loader PKU-0,8B with a quick-detachable set of the equipment and a ladle (volume 1,5 m3), prisposobleniedlya loadings of a silo of the Alligator type or on the basis of the MTZ-1221 tractor with loader PBM-1200i the appropriate working bodies to it;
stationary (poses. 1) the mixer-izmelchiteltriolet (volume of the loading bunker – 10 m3 with aktivnymvertikalno mixing shneky);
vygruzny conveyor (poses. 2).
So, considering the modern directions of development of dairy cattle breeding in Ukraine, we consider that the offered scheme can be used effectively in many farms.
(On Propozits_ya magazine materials).