In article experience of maintaining a hothouse economy of vegetable growing in Russia, Poland, Holland, Israel, carried out by Institute of vegetable growing of NAN of Belarus and the Belarusian state agrarian technical university is described.
VEGETABLE GROWING CLOSED to SOIL
Vperva to a half 90-hgodov, after disintegration of the Union and, as a result, sharp rise in price of energy resources, razrusheniyakooperirovanny deliveries and sales markets, vegetable growing protected the gruntapostsovetsky countries appeared vgluboky economic and financial crisis. Farms, even earlier profitable, became unprofitable. There was a catastrophic situation, in which samosushchestvovaniyeteplitsa bylopostavleno under threat.
Vetot the period scientists-vegetable growers, leaders of production actively became on "protection" of the protected soil. They not only a dokazyvalineobkhodimost of preservation of this important element of national wealth, requirement of the population vteplichny vegetables, but also offered konkretnyeputivyxoda from the created situation.
Institute of vegetable growing of NAN of Belarusiya Belarusian state agrarian technical university bylizuchenopyt maintaining hothouse to an ovoshchevodstvavrossiya, Poland, Holland, Israel and razrabotanakontseptsiya of reconstruction of a teplichnogokhozyaystvo. Qualities, and eventually – possibility rabotatna principles of a samookupayemostiya of self-financing were as a result carried out a konkretnyemeropriyatiya, tsentralnymzveny kotoryxstalo perevedeniyey on the novyemalozatratnyetekhnologiya providing considerable energy saving, uvelichenievyxoda produkciis units of area, uluchsheniyey. Literally for several years it was reconstructed about a half of the areas of a hothouse economy.
In reconstruction hothouse kompleksabolshuyupomoshh rendered the Government of Respublikibelarus which consisted, first of all, vudeshevleniya for hothouse combines of natural gas, snizheniitamozhenny collecting, improvement of conditions kreditovaniyai granting drugikhpreferentsiya. To Vrezultat, till 2002 vrespublike 78 % from their total area, v2005 – 142 hectares that sostavlyaet86 in % from the area were reconstructed with remaintaining on a malozatratnuyutekhnologiya of 129 hectares of winter hothouses, or. Obnovleniyetekhnology resolved to hothouse combines not only to remain, but also to increase volume of production, to gain economic and financial stability.
Gross gathering hothouse vegetables increased from 33,8 thousand t v1996 to 59 thousand t v2005. Speed rostasostavilza the specified period of 175 %. Production of hothouse vegetables at the rate on an odnogozhitel increased almost vdva time.
It is necessary to note that rostvalovy production of vegetables protected gruntaobespechivaetsya mainly at the expense of a povysheniyaurozhaynost, i.e. on the basis of an intensification. Novyetekhnology of vegetable growing protected gruntapozvolili to receive essential increase in efficiency of vegetable cultures. So, at a right choice of specialization and technology, observance of engineering procedures, a rational ratio of types of vegetable cultures tselikomvozmozhno a pribylnoyevedeniye of hothouse production on the areas of 1-3 hectares.
The analysis, provedennyyucheny Belarus, shows that efficiency of functioning protected gruntaopredelyaetsya many conditions and factors. Priority at the present stage are: Osvoyeniyenovy technologies and soblyudeniyetekhnologichesky parameters; ratsionalnoyeispolzovaniye of energy resources and fertilizers; usovershenstvovaniyeproizvodstvenno-household activity on the basis of marketing development; optimization of the sizes and production structure. Therefore kvyyavleniyui to use of reserves of decrease in product cost, uluchsheniyuy qualities, and competitiveness it is necessary to suit a povysheniyurentabelnost differentially, on the basis of creative application of recommendations of a science and the advanced practice.
(On magazine materials Agrarn_ v_st i).