Advantages of use of the combined units and bezotvalny plowing at the main processing of the soil are considered.
UDC 631
Use of the combined units
One of perspective technologies of preparation of the soil under crops of crops is its processing by means of the combined units.
Combined call the units which are carrying out some operations or engineering procedures in production of agricultural production.
In what benefit of accession of additional operations to one of ways of the main processing of the soil consists?
Use of the combined units gives in comparison with one-operational cars reduction of expenses of work by 30-50 %, fuels – for 20-30 %, metal consumption – for 20-25 %, and also increases productivity of the main crops on the average for 10-15 %.
Besides considerable reduction of quantity of used tractors, agricultural cars, labor and an expense of fuels and lubricants, connection of various technological operations in one process gives the chance to increase ecological purity of production of agriculture. It speaks considerable reduction of number of passes of cars across the field that allows to keep structure of the soil and not to break normal process of microbiological processes of soil formation.
Considering the aforesaid, it is necessary to prefer those cars for the main processing of the soil which correspond to modern level of knowledge of essence of the microbiological processes occurring in the soil, the ecology meets the requirements and minimize expenses of human and material resources.
Advantages of bezotvalny plowing
The main processing of the soil creates conditions for accumulation of nutrients and moisture for future crop. It is carried out on depth of 16-32 cm, solving problems of loosening of a layer and a zaglubleniye of the vegetative remains being on a surface of a field. From the technical point of view is a plowed land with a layer turn (otvalny) or without (bezotvalny).
In Ukraine the otvalny plowed land dominates, and the prospect of its application is surely looked through further. However not the superfluous will understand, what way of a plowed land meets modern conditions and requirements of production of agricultural production.
Plowing with a turn of a layer carries out two tasks – soil loosening on the set depth and a layer reversing. Loosening of the mineralized chernozems in the autumn, from the point of view of washing by their autumn and winter precipitation, – a useful thing in any case. But the turn of a layer puts many questions in a context of a modern agronomical science.
Scientific researches proved that the turn of a layer brings the microbiological processes which are continuously occurring in the soil, into "state of shock": aerobic biothat soils from depth the 0-15th is plowed by otvalny cases of a plow in anaerobny conditions on depth of 16-30 cm and perishes from lack of oxygen while anaerobny biothat from depth is turned out the 16-30th by a plow on a surface and also perishes, getting to oxygen Wednesday.
The state of shock disappears only for the 4-5th year of systematic refusal of an otvalny plowed land and transition to soil-protective technologies. The systematic turning of the soil leads from year to year to loss of ability of the soil to self-control.
Thus, plowing, should carry out the unique task – layer loosening on depth the 16-32nd. This way the fastest for maintenance of fertility of the soil, but short. Other way more long, but such that stabilizes processes of soil self-control.
Its essence is that the root layer of earth is sated with organic substances in the form of the root remains, the crushed weight of a nonbasic crop, organic fertilizers and other organic chemistry. As an example it is possible to bring results of managing into "Agroekology’s" software of Poltava region where the layer of the soil doesn’t turn over 30 years and 27 years pesticides aren’t applied. In this economy since 1992 ceased to apply synthetic mineral fertilizers, thus productivity of cultures in 2 times exceeds their productivity in the next farms. Product cost – in 6 times is lower!
(On newspaper materials Avtodvor).