In a note value is noted and the equipment of carrying out vlagozaryadkovy waterings of long-term plantings is presented.
2008 in the Crimea was hot, droughty <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri = name urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags = metricconverter/>
2008 in the Crimea was hot, droughty. The dry period began with the beginning of May and proceeded to the middle of September. Monthly average air temperature was on 0,8-40C above mean annual. The maximum air temperature in August reached +37,50S, and on the soil +550S (m of page of Klepinino).
The sum of active air temperatures (more 100S) was almost on 3000S more mean annual rate, and the sum of a precipitation for the warm period made near <st1:metricconverter ProductID = 200 mm w:st = on> 200 mm </st1:metricconverter> (about 75 % from mean annual rate). The hydrothermal factor of the vegetative period according to Selyaninov made 0,6 that characterizes the period as droughty. It is especially necessary to note a high air drought in August as a result of which, in particular on not irrigated sites, the osypaniye of fruits of semechkovy cultures was noted.
In the majority of the regions of the Crimea an autumn and winter precipitation didn’t provide replenishment by moisture a korneobitayemy layer of earth. So for October-December in the regions of the Crimea (Dzhankoysky, Razdolnensky, Krasnogvardeysky, Nizhnegorsky, Belogorsky) st1:metricconverter ProductID = 50 mm w:st = on> 50 mm </st1:metricconverter> a precipitation dropped out less <. An atmospheric precipitation for January, 2009 in these areas made 69-85 % from mean annual rate. As a result the root system of long-term plantings appeared during winter time in strongly dried up soil that weakened protective activity, and it, as we know, leads to that roots freeze slightly even in rather soft winters.
On irrigated lands the most effective reception of moistening of the soil during the extra vegetative period is the vlagozaryadkovy irrigation.
It is known that chernozem and chestnut soils are capable to hold in a meter layer of earth of 1300-1800 m3/hectares of the water available to plants, and in a two-meter layer – 2500-3500 m3/hectares. Proceeding from it, depth of a promachivaniye at vlagozaryadkovy watering st1:metricconverter ProductID = is recommended to lead up to 1,5-<2 m w:st = on> 2 m </st1:metricconverter> on soils with a deep zaleganiye of ground waters (more <st1:metricconverter ProductID = 5 m w:st = on> 5 m </st1:metricconverter>) and to <st1:metricconverter ProductID = 1,0 m w:st = on> 1,0 m </st1:metricconverter> at a zaleganiye of ground waters to <st1:metricconverter ProductID = 3 m w:st = on> 3 m </st1:metricconverter>.
By many scientists and work practice it is established that after an aestivo-autumnal drought of a plant go to winter weakened and are damaged by frosts. Therefore the important role is played by the vlagozaryadkovy waterings creating favorable conditions for rewintering of plants, their successful growth initial phases of vegetation.
Economic and economic value of vlagozaryadkovy waterings is that transfer of a part of waterings by the early-spring period gives the chance to reduce number of vegetative waterings, it is more rational to use irrigating water and at the expense of it to expand the irrigated areas.
The norm of vlagozaryadkovy watering at continuous moistening fluctuates from 1000 to 1200 m3/hectares. At definition of norms of vlagozaryadkovy waterings on each concrete site it is necessary to define deficiency of moisture. On the lands subject to a zasoleniye, a vlagozaryadka usually combine with soil washing.
Carrying out only one vlagozaryadkovy watering in plantings of an apricot, a cherry, sweet cherry, early grades of the plum, some grades of an apple-tree and a pear of early terms of maturing can provide a high gain of a crop.
On L.P.Simirenko’s supervision, the wood cultures which have been well watered in the winter, always from the beginning of spring are started up in incomparably more live, amicable and brisk growth, than what is observed at not watered trees and especially in case the winter wasn’t rich with a precipitation.
The professor of Dative Semash explains the best development of the trees provided with moisture in the winter, that roots of a winter origin are considerably durable and is more active than what are formed in the spring and in the summer.
In irrigated gardens where throughout vegetation in a korneobitayemy layer of pochvo-soil humidity at rather high level is supported, need for vlagozaryadkovy waterings disappears.
V. Storchous, candidate of agricultural sciences of KNITs IGIM UAAN,
A.Kovalenko, head of department of development of gardening, wine growing and efiromaslichny cultures of the Ministry of agropolicy of AR Crimea.