In this article need of strict observance of quarantine requirements is noted at transportation, storage, processing and realization of a landing material.
On a quarantine condition for the beginning of 2008 in the territory of AR Crimea the following quarantine weeds are registered:
- ambrosia polynnolistny (infection area: 15334,98 hectares)
- bitterling creeping (infection area: 69401,16 hectares)
- dodder field (infection area: 7486,13 hectares)
- cenxrus low-floral (infection area: 1,02 hectares)
- Lehman’s dodder (infection area: 0,88 hectares)
When planning fight against quarantine weeds there is a problem of their complete destruction irrespective of, in what number they are found. It is important to exclude possibility of distribution of weeds on the next territories, differently the center will expand and costs of its elimination will repeatedly increase.
Quarantine weeds belong to trudnoiskorenimy therefore much more simply and the cheapest way to prevent emergence of the centers of infection. All economic and all-agronomical measures including careful cleaning of a seed material, prevention of hit of seeds in forages, manure, and with it – to the soil are important. Among effective ways of fight against weed plants – a crop rotation and systems of steam and zyablevy processings of the soil, observance of necessary agrotechnical actions during the preseeding period and in care of vegetiruyushchy plants, and the most radical method – introduction of herbicides.
Fight against quarantine weeds is difficult and runs into money, but harm which they cause to agricultural industry is even more expensive. This harm isn’t limited to loss of volumes of a collected crop and its quality. It is also that the economy or the area on which quarantine by this type of a weed is imposed, lose possibility to take out and realize grown-up production out of limits of the territory declared under quarantine.
The cabinet council of Ukraine approved the Resolution No. 705 from 12.05.07g., which defines the Order of carrying out examination, inspection, the analysis, fumigation and inspection of objects of regulation in the sphere of quarantine of plants.
All grown-up podkarantinny vegetative production is object of regulation. Fytosanitory examination of objects of regulation is carried out by the Crimean zone quarantine laboratory which includes carrying out the analysis and preparation of a conclusion of laboratory examination about quarantine value of the revealed harmful organisms.
The objects of regulation infected with harmful quarantine organisms (weeds) are subject to separation, additional cleaning.
According to the Instruction on identification, localization and elimination of the centers of the quarantine weeds, approved by the order of the Ministry of an agrarian policy of Ukraine No. 40 from 27.01.05 in areas of distribution of quarantine weeds legal entities and individuals are obliged to observe strictly quarantine requirements at transportation, storage, processing and realization of a seed and landing material on which quarantine restrictions extend.
It is strictly forbidden:
- Seeding of the seed material littered with quarantine weeds of crops,
- Use of sites in quarantine zones for receiving a seed material,
- Carrying out intereconomic an exchange of the littered seed material,
- Use for crops seeds from fields of farms in which the centers of quarantine weeds, and also the littered parties of seeds without carrying out additional cleaning are revealed,
- Storage of the grain littered with seeds of quarantine weeds together with not littered parties.
- Export of littered production (hay, straw, polovy, grains, and zernootxodov) out of limits of the centers of quarantine infection without the quarantine certificate issued by bodies of Public service on quarantine of plants of Ukraine;
- Use on a forage an animal zernootxodov with the maintenance of quarantine weeds without a zaparivaniye or a grinding to particles in the size is less 1mm. An unsuitable waste for use, littered with quarantine weeds, is liable to destruction.
- Use meshkotary, vehicles, stock, the warehouses liberated from under littered grain, without machining,
- Leaving of the centers of quarantine weeds on roadsides of roads, on not processed lands, round crops, long-term plantings etc.,
- A water transmission the channels littered with quarantine weeds, without use of necessary special settlers for catching of seeds of weeds,
- Soil use for tamping of hotbeds from the sites being under quarantine,
- Export on fields of not rerotten manure received at use of littered forages and a laying, littered with quarantine weeds,
- Export and the realization of import and domestic seeds delivered from other regions of the country, without check in Boundary state inspectorates for quarantine of plants, irrespective of existence of documents on quality.
At thresh a gross crop and cleaning of seeds usually manages a waste. The bulk of seeds of weeds gets to a waste, including quarantine. The quantity of the waste collecting in an economy, is very great. Purity of our fields, meadows, gardens and other agricultural holdings depends on the correct use or destruction of this waste also.
To kill vsxozhest seeds of weeds it is possible in the different ways: a grinding in the size of particles to 1 mm, use of dry hot air (temp.100-125C within 3-5 hours, in special chambers (temp.120 ˚ and pressure of 0,5 atmospheres within 30 minutes), in boiling water (within 1 hour).
In system of agrotechnical actions for increase of productivity of various cultures preparation of high-quality seeds for crops, their cleaning and sorting has great value. Seeding of the seeds, not capable to give plentiful crop of culture, and. respectively, economic advantage at cultivation, is represented by big risk for agricultural industry.
Carefully to clear a seed material it is necessary always. For the correct cleaning it is necessary, that cars and working bodies stole up to them according to features of this party of seeds taking into account character of a contamination.
According to article 34 of the Law of Ukraine About quarantine of plants, plants, products of a phytogenesis and other objects of regulation infected with quarantine organisms which it is impossible to disinfect or direct on technical processing, are liable to destruction in an order established by the law.
The persons guilty of violation of the legislation on quarantine of plants bear responsibility according to article 47 of the Law of Ukraine About quarantine of plants. Responsibility for performance of quarantine actions is assigned to land users.
Public officials and the citizens breaking a complex of established quarantine actions for fight against weeds, are made answerable. According to article 105, 106 KOAP for violation of the rules on fight against quarantine wreckers, diseases of plants and weeds attracts penalty imposing: on citizens – from four to ten tax-free minima of the income of citizens, on officials – from eight to fifteen tax-free minima of the income of citizens.
T. Century SINYUSHKO, the leading expert of Boundary state inspectorate for quarantine of plants on AR Crimea.