In article the main reason for a wind erosion of soils in steppe areas is noted. Methods of fight against it are offered.
Wind erosion subdivide into two look:
a) dusty or black storms,
b) local or universal erosion.
The essence of a dusty storm consists that a strong wind small particles of the soil rise by big height, and over a surface of the earth the large quantity of small lumps or grains of sand is carried by.
Dusty storms blow a fertile layer of earth, damage and destroy crops on the considerable areas.
The local erosion is shown in the form of a drifting snow. Small lumps of the soil and a grain of sand are rolled on a soil surface, marking plants (A.I.Barayev).
By long-term researches of scientific research institute of a grain farm and other skilled establishments it is established that the fields which surface consists of a large number of strong lumps of the soil more largely than 1-2 mm in diameter aren’t exposed to an erosion. Such lumps there should be not less than 50 %.
The main reason for a wind erosion in steppe areas is insufficiently perfect processing of the soil, in particular annually otvalny plowing with seal of an eddish and application of disk hoeing plows and smooth skating rinks.
The eddish of grain crops reduces speed of a wind by field surfaces that protects the soil from a deep promerzaniye. On fields with the kept eddish spring thawed snow better are absorbed and moisture losses by the soil from evaporation and blowing decrease.
In steppe regions of the southern zone (Ukraine, AR Crimea) very sharply costs a question of protection against a wind erosion and about preservation of plantings of wood strips.
V. SACHENKO,
chief of state inspectorate for protection of the rights to grades of plants
Goseksperttsentra ARK.