In a note recommendations about operation of motor-blocks and the mini-tractors which non-compliance can lead to their premature failure are made.
MINI-EQUIPMENT OPERATION
Despite a prefix "mini", it nevertheless equipment, also is necessary priderzhivatsya some rules at its ekspluatayotsiya. It will be offensive after all, esli, having served the month, two or even a season, the metalliyochesky assistant will fail.
First of all before each start it is necessary proverit oil level in a dviyogatel, and after start – a davyoleniye (at absence manometra the control bulb should go out). If one of these parameters doesn’t answer norm, ekspluatirovat the motor-block is impossible further, as it can fail very quickly. Neobkhoyodimo also to be convinced of an otsuyotstviye of podtekaniye of fuel and abnormal noise or knocks.
Right after start-up dvigatelya it is not necessary to give it polyony loading. Any dvigayotel for normal work, even at positive ambient temperatures, demands warming up on low turns on a proyotyazheniye of 1-2 minutes. Thus as a result of expansion of meyotallichesky details ustanavlivayutsya working gaps between them. Oil heats up, greasing of rayobochy parts improves, wear respectively decreases. It is impossible to switch off also the engine right after work under nagyoruzky, it is necessary to give to it porabotat on single turns of 3-4 minutes.
By the way, about oil. To fill in in the engine it is necessary only provided by an izyogotovitel or group vyshe (for example, SF group oil on API classification instead of SC oil). The same kasaetsya density: if it is necessary 15W/40, any Ml4. Imyoportnye engines which are now established and on the majority of domestic motor-blocks, is enough priveredlivy to quality of oil. At the same capacity they have smaller weight at the expense of the smaller size of the main knots and details. To reach it it is possible, having provided kayochestvenny greasing of sopryayozhenny details by means of a strong film of vysokokacheyostvenny oil. If zalit merged by the neighbor from a tractor (it was observed also tayoky), expensive equipment serves very little and won’t pay back the means enclosed in it. Similar treboyovaniye and at duple dvigayotel.
In spite of the fact that oil gets to the engine together with gasoline, it after all ispolzuetsya for greasing and should possess spetsifiyochesky properties. Manufacturers of lubricants special oils for duple dviyogatel internal a sgorayoniya have Bolyyoshinstvo in the assortiyoment. Two-stroke engines are widespread now, in koyotory oil is filled in in the otyodelny tank. Sometimes their producers recommend to use the usual automobile. It is necessary to adhere to these recommendations with a tochyonost.
It is a little about fuel. Mnoyogiye for some reason just on is mute try to save. And nachinaetsya: instead of "ninety fifth" – "ninety second" or even "eightieth". On hardly audible (and sometimes – and quite distinct) a deyotonatsiya don’t turn a vniyomaniye though would cost, after all this phenomenon simply "kills" the engine. It becomes very frequent imenyono a detonation the reason of cracking of pistons, breakages of rings, destructions of crossing points interfood flutes, burn-outs and an oplavleniye of pistons and klapanov, and also burn-outs of laying of a head cilindrov. On the other hand, if the engine is calculated on nizyokooktanovy gasoline, zapravlyat its A-95 gasoline it is not meaningful. Distinctions in teplotvorny ability small, and the price are higher. And sometimes such replacement is fraught with an obgoraniye of vypuskyony valves of the chetyrekhtaktyony engine.
Gasoline mix with oil for a two-stroke engine prepare directly pered use, without zapasa because on an old fuel mix the engine is worse got and works. Before statement motobloka on storage (it is more than two weeks) fuel from a tank nuzhyono to merge. The fuel mix contains pitches which mogut to pollute the carburetor and toplivoprovod.
Slightly more simply with dizelyyony fuel. Is in accordance with GOST (or DSTU) some brands of diesel fuel, but at filling station you will find only one "DT" so to choose osobo there is nothing. The only stipulation – purity of fuel, that is absence in it is mute vody and mechanical the primeyosy. If there are poyodozreniye, to fuel neobxodimo let’s settle on a protyayozheniye of several days in vyyosoky capacity (canister) and carefully to merge from a deposit in which will be not only a muyosor, but also water as it has higher plotyonost. So you can prolong znachiyotelno term sluzhby fuel system dizelya.
Periodically, time in neskolko days, the motor-block osmatrivayut also is checked by a nayodezhnost and serviceability of fastening of details and knots. The weakened fastenings podtyagivayut, and eliminate the found malfunctions.
Without fail it is necessary to carry out in due time all necessary reguliroyovka and settings, predusmotyorenny the manufacturer. Once a month check, clear and regulate gaps in klapanax, in the breaker a zazhigayoniya (at contact sisteme) and electrodes of candles of a zayozhiganiye. It is better to clean or change the air filter a little more often than the instruction, especially in dusty conditions of an ekspluayotatsiya says. Untimely cleaning and an excessive zagryazyoneniye of the filter are fraught with tyazheyoly consequences – from pererasxoda fuels to povyyoshenny wear of the engine.
Labor input of an ekspluatayotsiya of the motor-block and even raskhoyodovany to them fuels sushchestyovenno depend not only on the correct adjustment of the engine, but also from installation and setup of hook-on and nayovesny tools. First of all it concerns work with a plow. Correctly otreguyolirovanny plow is pressed to a bottom and a furrow wall, goes exactly and doesn’t demand znachiyotelny efforts from the working. It is necessary to break a little adjustment as fuel consumption sharply raises, and a plow in a furrow not to hold. If wheels probuksovyvayut, change them on metal with gruntozacepami (if those predusmotreny a design) and ustanavlivayut dopolnitelyyony cargo to strengthen coupling with the soil.
And still plowing with pomoshhyu the motor-block is quite inefficient and not always daet a satisfactory kacheyostvo of processing of the soil. Prakyotichesky it is impossible motoyobloky to plow the heavy soil. Much better the earth is processed by the active tool (mill), and the majority of milling cultivators of modern motor-blocks and mini-traktorov have working depth to 20 centimeters – not menshe, than at a plow. Easier rabotat with the motor-block which at the connected mill has also separate priyovodny wheels. The motor-block or a motor-cultivator at which mills are established instead of wheels, demands a priloyozheniye of additional usiyoliya in operating time: it is necessary to push it, zaglublyat and so on. For decrease rasxoda fuels it is necessary to watch sharpening of knifes of a mill. Doesn’t follow also ustanavlivat a mill on bolyyoshy depth of processing, than it is necessary. For example, when processing row-spacings sometimes there is enough depth of 3-5 centimeters to destroy weeds both a pochyovenny crust, and loosening on depth of 10-15 centimeters – an unjustified expense topliva and damage of korneyovy system of plants.
(On newspaper materials To Fermerska a hospodariate).