In this article the grades of grapes zoned in Ukraine on 2006g are listed. Also their assessment on the main economic and valuable and biological signs is given. Besides, cold-resistant grades are allocated, their productivity is specified.
Are brought in the register
Earlier we gave information on new grades of grapes allocated of a genofund created under the direction of professor Pavel Yakovlevich Golodrigi. Responses to this information testify that grades, despite the difficult way which has dropped out on their destiny, will be demanded and will bring big advantage to people. P.Ya.Golodriga dreamed of it in due time.
Thanks to publications we got acquainted with many interesting people enamoured of a grapevine who in personal collections carefully study tens, and even hundreds grades of grapes. Such relation to a grape plant causes admiration and respect, pleases and installs hopes that wine growing revival in Ukraine will take place.
We are glad to report that along with grades from a genofund P.Ya.Golodrigi zoned earlier (Podarok Magaracha, First-born Magaracha, Danko, Antya Magarachsky, Anniversary, Aurora Magaracha, Tsitronny Magaracha), resolved to use commercially in Ukraine for 2006 are brought in the state register of a grade: Risus, Bukovinka, Rubin of Golodrigi, Muscat of Golodrigi, Gurzufsky pink, Livadiysky black, Oleg, Amateur, Chocolate, Livady’s (NVF "Ampelos") Muscat and Tavkveri Magaracha, Intervitis Magaracha (Scientific research institute VIV "Magarach").
It is known that industrial landings of grades of grapes which are brought in the register, are supported of the state, and regional and regional management of agroindustrial development assist in paperwork on receiving compensation by that who wants to plant a vineyard.
Not a secret that wine growing in Ukraine after the antialcoholic company and a difficult economic situation of the last decades didn’t rise yet from knees.
New grades are characterized by various terms of maturing and the directions of use and combine in the genotype the major agrobiological and economic and valuable signs: high quality and stable productivity, stability to adverse biotic (wreckers and mushroom diseases) and abiotichesky (a frost, a drought etc.) to factors. These grades can be cultivated in kornesobstvenny culture without the massed processings yadoximikatami at less power expensive and more profitable technologies and to receive high-quality non-polluting production.
It is known that the most objective assessment on the main economic and valuable and biological signs can be received at test of grades of grapes under natural conditions against various limiting factors.
2006 was very indicative for an assessment of frost resistance of new grades of grapes. Extreme fall of temperature was observed not only in northern areas of cultivation of grapes, but also in the southern. So, near Sevastopol and the Pike perch the temperature went down to – 260S, sometimes in a combination to a wind to 30 m/s.
We surveyed some grades from a genofund of professor P.Ya.Golodrigi in neukryvny industrial and collection plantings of the Crimea, the Odessa and Nikolaev areas, considering thus that a complex indicator of genetic potential of a grade, the crop size, its stability and quality in specific conditions of cultivation is.
Most fully grades are presented in JSC Radsad of the Nikolaev area. In this economy on a good agrobackground at t0do fall – 260S industrial plantings of grades of Podarok Magaracha, First-born Magaracha, Tsitronny Magaracha provided a crop within 70 c/hectares at sugar content of 20 % in the first decade of September, and the grade Risus at average productivity of 120 c/hectares and sugar content of 18 % was cleaned in 20x dates of September.
In JSC Radsad collection perfectly looked and gave a high-grade crop of a grade Rubin of Golodrigi, Muskat Golodrigi, Gurzufsky pink and a hybrid form Pavel Golodriga 106. The small crop of a grade of Tavkveri Magaracha, Bukovinka, the Riesling of Magaracha, Danko, Chocolate were completely restored and gave. A similar condition of the majority of the listed grades we observed in farms of Odessa region (Artsizsky, Saratsky, B.Dnestrovsky districts) and in the Crimea (The Sevastopol and Sudaksky zone). It is necessary to note that in all farms of a grade were grown up in kornesobstvenny culture and on a good agrobackground.
We also have information that Podarok Magaracha grade in DP "Tavry" of the Kherson area at long (the first wave 1 weeks and the 2nd wave – 2 weeks) t0do fall – 25 – 270S provided a crop of 130 c/hectares, and in Stavropol Territory at t0 fall to – 300S the same grade yielded a harvest of 50 c/hectares.
Thus, the data received after extreme fall of temperature in 2006 allow to argue that from the last grades the palm on frost resistance surely is held by Podarok Magaracha grade.
t0 fall to – 260S sustained and gave a high-grade crop of a grade: Risus, Rubin of Golodrigi, Tsitronny Magaracha, Muskat Golodrigi, Gurzufsky pink, First-born Magaracha and hybrid form Pavel Golodriga 106. In the same conditions, thanks to high regeneration ability and kornesobstvenny maintaining culture, were completely restored and gave a small crop of a grade of Tavkveri Magaracha, Bukovinka, the Riesling of Magaracha, Danko, Chocolate.
The analysis of a condition of grades in industrial and collection plantings in various vinogradarsky zones allows to argue that those grades which possess high stability to a phylloxera, mildyu, oidiumu showed also the highest stability to stressful fall of temperature that speaks about nonspecific inheritance of stability of plants to various extreme factors.
In other words, the nature is unwasteful, and if at a grade high stability to one stressful factors is observed, with a bigger share of probability it is possible to assume high stability and to other stressful factors that is often observed and that grants the right to call new grades of grapes kompleksnoustoychivy at this grade. Wide introduction of such grades in production would allow to deduce wine growing of Ukraine on new level.
M KOSTIK, the leading expert on selection the candidate of agricultural sciences, V. Yurchenko, the director (scientific vnedrencheskaya Ampelos firm, the Crimea, Yalta)