In article there is a speech about a role of trade unions in control of realization of the right of workers of agrarian sector on protection of their life and health in the course of labor activity. The reasons of a high traumatism in branch reveal.
And though recently the resistant tendency to decrease in indicators of a traumatism was outlined in agrarian and industrial complex, its level remains extremely vyyosoky. Almost daily in branch 7 – 8 people are injured, from them each 1,5 days one worker is injured mortally.
Unprecedented on scales and rates the reform which is carried out in agrarian sector of national economy, to traditional problems of labor protection added many the new: organizational and economic.
Sinitsiirovannoye trade union complex studying of questions of a bezyoopasnost of work in recent years the working groups as a part of representatives of the Central Committee of trade union, the Gospromgornadzor of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine, Miyonisterstva of an agrarian policy sovyomestno with managements of ispolnitelyyony management of Social insurance fund from occupational accidents and occupational diseases let’s a vozyomozhnost monitor trends and to cover the main problems of a bezyoopasnost of work in the reformed agrarian sector which, to a sozhayoleniye, are pointed every year.
It, first of all, concerns rayobotnik of the small enterprises who in structure of agroformations make 30 %, and also 600 thousand independently busy workers who have attached the share to a part-time farm, having created a personal country or fermeryosky economy.
Burning reality segodnyashnego day is that many rural families survive at the expense of rigid self-operation of members of the family, including children and women owing to what annually travmiruetsya more than 300 women, from them 10 – are deadly.
The general changes in the market truda promoted emergence of a new form of child labor, kotoyory earlier at all afishirovalas – child wage labor for payment. Laws About a personal krestyanyosky economy and About a farmer (country) economy which contrary to an existing zakonodayotelstvo established officially vozrast involvement of children to work – 14 years, promote this situation. No legislative regulations on labor protection of minors exist a tragic illustration of that for our some employers, the travyomatizm of teenagers (and even smertelyyony) on production is.
Uncontrolled expansion of the market of equipment on the village – object of huge potential risk. The Raspayevanny equipment new sobyostvennik doesn’t pass a pereregiyostratsiya, not isolated cases when from two-three cars one gathers. A big problem is the proveyodeniye of checkup of this equipment. Prayovovoye Gostekhnadyozor’s field of activity doesn’t correspond to market transformation of agrarian sector. As showed situation studying on a place, reforming on the village isn’t accompanied by a kompleksyony approach therefore sayomy main components of a bezopasyonost of work underwent znachitelyyony destruction. The branch system of an upravyoleniye is almost lost by labor protection. Doesn’t operate neither standard, nor personnel, in full a financial obespeyocheniye of labor protection.
In agrarian and industrial complex 242 normative legal acts on labor protection from which in Ukraine are processed only 17, that deyatelyyonost of agricultural predyopriyatiya of the modern village only 7 concern operate, the others – it is normative legal acts of the 80th years of the last century, developed for collective farms, sovxozov. They at all sorientirovany by types economic deyatelnosti, don’t answer modern treboyovaniye of public policy in the field of labor protection, market otyonosheniye on the village. But also this arkhaichyony, and still existing acts fully didn’t provide even regional managements of a rural hoyozyaystvo, not to mention the selskokhoyozyaystvenny enterprises. Finansiyorovaniye on actions for labor protection on the average makes 26 UAH. on one working.
In branch staffing unsatisfactorily is solved. The department of labor protection, a fire bezyoopasnost and traffic Miyonisterstva of an agrarian policy ukomplektovan experts in number of 3 people, in regional and regional managements of agricultural industry of 85 % of experts work on a sovmestiyotelstvo, the relevant services are created only for 65 % of the enterprises – it is all personnel capacity of branch concerning labor protection.
When degree of profesyosionalny risk grows from year to year in agrarian sector, profilakticheyosky work at a low level, a fiyonansirovaniye owing to ekonomiyochesky difficulties minimum, the equipment is worn-out for 90 %, statistika testifies about resistant snizheyoniya of level of a traumatism. It very much guards, even taking into account such objective factors, as reduction of quantity of the raboyotayushchy. On places deeply studied this problem, proanalizirovav not only absolute indicators of a traumatism, but also koefficienty frequencies (Kch), weights (Kt) and frequencies of a deadly traumatism (Kch of cm), having compared them with a real poyolozheniye of affairs.
In recent years in agrarian and industrial complex of Kch umenshilsya almost twice (with 3 to 1,6) at continuous growth of Kt (with 34,2 to 36, 8).
And it testifies to the facts a traumatism soyokrytiya from a rassledovayoniya. Of it were convinced, especially in Vinnytsia region. In the Bershadsky area, for example, in the statistical reporting in a form 7-TVN in a year 14 accidents were fixed, in Fonyod’s regional separation of social insurance from nesyochastny cases 11 cases, and on operative soobyoshcheniye of the central regional bolyyonitsa in agrarian sector of a trauma poluchili 29 people are registered.
Recently more and more vyyavlyaetsya the facts when accidents are investigated, but not svyazyvayutsya with production. Annually in Ukyorain (according to NTV form) every third accident – the general industrial injuries, boyoly 35 % of accidents, proizoyoshedshy with zhenshhinami and as much unfortunate sluchaev don’t connect a deadly traumatism with a proyoizvodstvo. In ryade this indicator is even higher than areas. That is the traumatism from the production is transferred to the non-productive.
Therefore, an essential factor of decrease in a traumatism in agrarian and industrial complex are the facts of its concealment from investigation and the account and neobjektivyony classification of investigated accident. The trade union prishel to a conclusion that our statistics testifying to decrease in level of a traumatism, doesn’t correspond to a deyyostvitelnost. The operating zakonoyodatelstvo doesn’t provide any responsibility for these naruyosheniye. To get rid of this evil, in our opinion, it is possible, having established at zayokonodatelny level a measure ekonoyomichesky and criminal otvetstvennosti employers.
In the state there is no elementary order according to a traumatism. The bodies involved in protection truda, have indicators which aren’t joined among themselves, to gosuyodarstvenny statistics.
The hidden traumatism – this enormous evil for the state as levels a picture of real level of a traumatism, doesn’t give possibility to plan concrete real a meyoropriyatiya on its decrease. It still the bigger evil, even a crime against the victim, as lishaet him and his family of any social protection and a podyoderzhka.
Today, when priority of life and health of workers of agraryony sector is only deklarayotsiy Constitution and the legislation when is absent complex resheyony problems of labor protection on the basis of National and branch programm in agrarian sector, the trade union defined the strategic nayopravleniye of activity. Among them – practical participation in zakonotvoryochesky process, formation of noryomativny base, adaptation to prokhodyayoshchy processes in agrarian sector, work through representatives profsoyuza on control of the current legislation, preparation of offers to power structures on improvement of a condition of a bezyoopasnost of work, and also protection poyoterpevshy on production.
Annually governing bodies of trade union consider more than 3 thousand addresses of his members on voprosam safety, working conditions, investigation of accidents, compensation of the caused damage from which nearly 80 % are solved poyolozhitelno. In 90 cases on a nastoyayoniya of union representatives in 2005 groundless obyovineniye were removed from victims. In each area it is possible to give many examples when the trade union blagodarya the active, principled stand, defended the rights of victims.
Summing up work on voprosam labor protection, determining taktiku further actions by increase of influence of trade union on uluchsheyony a work security status taking into account offers of a mnogochislenyony trade-union asset of all levels – from trade union a predpriyayotiya to the Central Committee of industrial union, having fulfilled them on places with governing bodies, the trade union considers that the control system of labor protection in agrarian sector of national economy should be adapted for reayoliya of today. For this purpose it is necessary to mean that:
the double subordination in agrarian sector demands differentiation of funkyotsiya and working off of interaction of all divisions of authorities concerning labor protection as down through branch, horizontals – through regioyonalny bodies;
the situation demands substantial increase of a role of local government bodies as in usloyoviya of weakening of influence of rukovodyayoshchy governing bodies of branch these structures should provodit all complex of actions: A reyogistratsiya of the enterprises, carrying out preventive work, control of observance of an operating zakoyonodatelstvo, attraction to an otvetyostvennost of heads as today everywhere there is a bezyootvetstvennost and impunity of employers;
it is necessary to create soon regional consulting points for the qualified obyosluzhivaniye of small predyopriyatiya and independently busy workers. The legislation on labor protection needs to be adapted for the European standards.
That is why the trade union lays hopes on the fastest ratification of the Convention by Ukraine 184 SPENDTHRIFT About safety and labor hygiene in agricultural industry. Each article of the Convention and the Recommendation – is concentration of the most aktuyoalny and topical problems of labor protection in agrarian sector of Ukraine, including and distribution of the sphere of action on independently busy workers, farmers, members of their families.
We hope that 2006 proclaimed the power on year sela, will pay attention of sootvetstvuyuyoshchy state structures to carrying out protectionist public policy according to the solution of pressing problems of labor protection in agrarian sector.
The river MAZNAYa managing department of labor protection and social protection of the Central Committee of trade union of employees of agrarian and industrial complex.