Requirements which it is necessary to adhere when developing instructions on the labor protection, operating at the enterprise are stated.
Safety of workers, traumatism prevention depends on quality and completeness of the carried-out instructing on FROM on a workplace in big degree at the enterprise.
From all normative legal acts on labor protection (FROM), the most important are instructions on FROM, operating at the enterprise. Changes also are in due time made to them most operatively taking into account high rates of scientific and technical progress, introduction of the latest technologies, improvement of productions, the equipment, devices and devices, means of collective and individual protection of the working.
The instruction, is standard the act which contains obligatory for observance by workers of the requirement on FROM at performance of works of a certain look by them or by a certain profession on workplaces, in production rooms, in the territory of the enterprise or in other places where on the instructions of the employer these works are performed.
For development of the instruction on FROM, operating at the enterprise, it is necessary to know the following:
1. This instruction operates within the concrete enterprise, is obligatory for performance, affirms the employer, is coordinated with service FROM, yuristkonsulty and the chief specialist of the relevant service (by definition of security service of work). It should precisely and display in full safety requirements of the corresponding profession, a type of works, engineering procedure on a workplace of the worker.
2. The instruction on the basis of the approximate instruction on FROM is developed for this profession or a type of work (and at its absence – on the basis of interbranch and branch rules on labor protection); safety requirements stated in operational and repair documentation of the equipment, and also in technological documentation of the enterprise taking into account conditions of production.
3. The instruction should correspond to the Provision on development of instructions on labor protection (DNAOP 0.00-4.15-98 (further Situation), Gosnadzorokhrantrud’s approved order from 29.01.98 of No. 9.
4. The general management of development (revision) of the instructions existing at the enterprise is assigned to the employer. Chiefs of independent divisions (the foreman, a site, department, laboratory, etc.) which bear responsibility for timely performance of this work are appointed heads of development.
Experts into which competences specific questions, experts in the field of labor protection and on legal questions, union representatives enter are involved in development of the draft of the instruction.
The list of instructions for development (revision) is made by work security service with the assistance of production divisions and services of chief specialists.
For development of the draft of the instruction preliminary work, in particular selection of necessary normative legal acts, information, reference and other materials is carried out.
Contents and creation of instructions
Instructions are assigned the name and serial number. Serial numbers are appropriated by security services of work of the enterprises.
Requirements of instructions are stated according to sequence of engineering procedure and taking into account conditions in which works are performed.
Instructions should contain such sections: general provisions, safety requirements before the beginning of work, safety requirement at performance of work, safety requirement after the completion of work, safety requirement in emergencies.
In need of the instruction other sections are added.
The section It is general provisions should to contain:
– data on scope of the instruction, general information about object of development: definition of a workplace of the worker of this profession, the short characteristic of process and the equipment applied on this place;
– conditions and an order of the admission of workers to independent work (age, length of service, a state of health, passing of medical examinations, professional education and special training on questions FROM);
– requirements of rules of the internal labor schedule and features of labor duties;
– characteristic of the major dangerous and harmful production factors of engineering procedure, their influence on the worker;
– the list of concrete types of overalls, special footwear and other means of individual protection for this type of works;
– requirements of sanitary standards and rules of personal hygiene which the worker should observe.
The section Before the work beginning should contain safety requirements:
– an order of reception of change in case of continuous work;
– order of preparation of a workplace, means of individual protection;
– procedure for test of serviceability of the equipment and tool, protection devices, systems of blocking and alarm system, ventilation and lighting, existence of signs of safety, primary fire extinguishing means etc.; existence and condition of initial materials;
– a message order to the employer about the revealed shortcomings.
The section In operating time should contain safety requirements:
– data on safe labor organization, on receptions and methods of safe works; rules of safe use of processing equipment, devices and tools;
– rules of safe handling with initial to materials, with finished product and industrial wastes;
– requirements for use of means of individual and collective protection;
– conditions at which work should be stopped.
The section After the completion of work should contain safety requirements:
– an order of safe switching off, a stop, cleaning and equipment greasing, and at continuous process – an order of transfer to their duty shift;
– order of cleaning of industrial wastes;
– requirements of rules of personal hygiene which the worker after the completion of work should observe;
– a message order to the employer about all shortcomings revealed in operating time.
The section Should contain safety requirements in emergencies:
– data on means and the actions directed on the prevention of failures;
– an operations procedure and rules of behavior of workers at emergence of failures;
– a message order to the employer about failures and situations which can take to them;
– an operations procedure on first-aid treatment by the victim at failure.
At a statement of the text of the instruction it is necessary to be guided by such rules:
– the text of the instruction should be compressed, clear and not to allow various interpretation;
– the instruction shouldn’t contain references to the normative legal acts which requirements are considered by its development. It is necessary to apply terms and the definitions accepted in the Law About labor protection.
The title page, the first and last pages of the instruction on the labor protection, operating at the enterprise, are made out according to annexes to Situation.
The statement and commissioning of instructions on FROM are carried out by the order of the employer. Instructions, come into force, are registered security service of work of the enterprise.
Issue of instructions to heads of structural divisions of the enterprise is carried out by service FROM with logging of the accounting of issue of instructions. Revision of the instructions existing at the enterprise, is carried out not less often than once in 5 years, and for professions and works with the increased danger – isn’t more rare than once in 3 years.
E.EFIMOV, the leading engineer on KGA UKTs labor protection.