In article possible danger of a disease by bird flu not only for people, but also many animal species and birds, including, hens, a weft, pigs, horses, gophers is popularly described, etc.
Symptoms of bird flu at house birds are given. Recommendations about protection against bird flu are made. Besides, recommendations about fowl use for consumption are made.
Symptoms of bird flu at people are listed. Recommendations about treatment are made how to avoid infection with bird flu.
BIRD FLU: POPULARLY ABOUT POSSIBLE DANGER
This most dangerous virus of the flu which has flown by over many countries and landed in Ukraine, didn’t sputter out yet. Moreover, according to the conclusion of scientists, he is always ready to repeat the devastating raids.
And therefore we also decided to give in this special issue of our newspaper full information on bird flu, on prevention and treatment of this disease, taken of the magazine New courier and other editions.
Viruses of flu of type A can infect not only people, and both many animal species and birds, including hens, a weft, pigs, horses, gophers and others. A subtype of a virus of flu N5N1 – one of the most dangerous (high-pathogenic) viruses of flu. Its viruses, those kotoryeinficiruyut birds, call "bird flu" viruses. It all bird species, though estvidy less sensitive kvirusu can hurt. Among wild birds this flu rasprostranenshiroko also can pass bezsimptomno. At poultry it can a vyzvattrudnyezabolevaniye and bystruyugibel. A virus of bird flu for the first time bylvyyavlen in 1961 in South Africa. Now it izvestenkak N5N1. Wild (including flying) birds carry a virus on the countries and continents, infecting local birds, in particular, the house.
Pandemic flu differs from bird flu.
Carrier of bird flu is the big group of its various viruses which strike mainly birds. In rare instances viruses of bird flu can infect other species, including pigs and people. In overwhelming majority of cases viruses of bird flu of people don’t infect. Pandemic flu arises when there is a new subtype of flu which at people wasn’t observed earlier.
The virus H5N1 represents one of strains of the flu possessing pandemic potential as finally it can adapt and take the form of a strain, infectious for people. After there will be this adaptation, it already will be not a virus of bird flu, and a virus of the flu affecting people. Pandemics of flu are caused by its new viruses which adapted for a human body.
Symptoms of bird flu at house birds
Glavnympriznak of an influenzal infection vpticeestenterit, i.e. diarrhea. The yaytsenoskost Besides, can decrease. In case of vysokopatogennogoptichy flu N5N1 the infection can pass to a vmgnovenny form, causing bystruyugibel birds.
Zashhitaot bird flu
Edinstvennoynadezhna protection against bird flu for today estunichtozheniyavsex the infected birds. In once it is impossible to use a placenta of the infected bird. Exist neskolkoraznovidnost of vaccines for an inoculation of animals, but them primenenieochen expensive, enduring and not always the effective.
Ispolzovaniyemyasa of a bird for consumption
The virus of bird flu well maintains deep freezing, but for several seconds perishes at high temperatures: in the heated frying pan. Therefore it is possible to consume a bird, of course, under condition of appropriate preparation.
Symptoms of bird flu at people
Symptoms of vysokopatogennogoptichy flu at people happen different: very high temperature, oslozhnennoyedykhaniye, cough, sore throat and muscle pain, vospalenieglaz (conjunctivitis). A virus estyosobenno that can quickly give kpnevmoniya and, besides, serve as the reason of trudnyeoslozhneniye on heart and kidneys.
Flu pandemic – the phenomenon repeating.
Flu pandemic – the phenomenon rare, but repeating. Last century there were three such pandemics: "the Spanish flu" in 1918, "Asian flu" in 1957 and "the Hong Kong flu" in 1968. In 1918 the pandemic of flu carried away, by estimates, 40-50 million people around the world. This pandemic which had exclusive character, is considered one of the largest reasons of deadly outcomes in the history of mankind. The subsequent pandemics were much weaker: about two million death in 1957 and one million – in 1968.
The pandemic arises when there is a new virus of flu and the virus of usual flu – an airborne way starts to extend with the same ease, as at cough and a chikhaniye. As this virus new, the immune system of the person didn’t develop immunity at a stage previous its emergence. It can lead to that in case of pandemic flu among people the illness will proceed much more hard, than in case of usual flu.
Bird flu at people
For today flu epidemics among people, kotoryevyzyvayutsya by strains of a virus of vysokopatogennogoptichy flu N5N1, nevertheless izvestnyesluchai diseases and even death of people aren’t fixed at contact to a bird during epidemic flashes vysokopatogennogogrippasredi birds in 1997 and 2003-2005. Till 1997 bird flu wasn’t transmitted from a bird to the person. However then it mutated, and in 1997 with such flu 18 people, shesteroizkotoryxumerli already fell ill. At this time also it was proved vozmozhnostzarazheniyavisokopatogennimshtammy bird flu N5N1 of people from birds.
So, the main harakternyeosobennost visokopatogennogovirusagrippa N5N1 compressed it is possible to formulate so:
• v2004-2005 years circulation visokopatogennogoshtammagrippa (N5N1) among wild and house birds extended on a bolshoyekolichestvo of the countries (12 countries of the world);
• the virus broke an interspecific barrier from birds to the person, however meanwhile there are no proofs of that it is transferred directly from the person to the person (vsebolny people had direct contact to the infected bird);
• a source of infection which is represented by soboydiky birds, and also putirasprostraneniye of a virus cherezy migrations strongly complicate control of virus distribution;
• measures for prevention of distribution of an illness among house birds – their unichtozheniyevsy livestock, kotorayabylaili there can be VKontakte with sick birds;
• transfer of this virus from the person to the person meanwhile didn’t prove to be true.
However today the world, probably, costs on the verge of the next pandemic.
Experts in the field of health care already almost within eight years conduct supervision over a new and extremely dangerous virus of flu – H5N1 strain. In 1997. This strain infected in Hong Kong 18 people, from which six died. From the middle of 2000 this virus served as the reason of the largest and most serious outbreaks of an illness among poultry which were ever known stories. In December, 2003 cases of infection of the people working with sick birds were revealed.
Since then as a result of carrying out laboratory analyses over 100 cases of flu among people in four Asian countries (Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia and Thailand) were confirmed, and more than a half of these people died. In most cases this illness affected children and adults at young age which hurt earlier. Fortunately, this virus can’t easily be transferred from a bird to the person or quickly and steadily to extend among people. If the strain of H5N1 becomes same infectious, as well as the virus of usual flu, it can begin a new pandemic.
Lecheniyeptichyego of flu at people
Provedennyeissledovany show that some vrachebnyepreparaty, razrabotannyedlya strains of human flu, can be effective and at infection of the person by vysokopatogennimptichy flu. However it is necessary to weigh and on possibility of that the strain vysokopatogennogogrippamozhet to become stoykimktaky medicine, and this medicine okazhutsyaneeffektivny. It is established that vysokopatogennyjvirus (N5N1) it is not sensitive kamantadinui rimantadinu, kotoryeudruchayut razmnozhenievirusa flu And and kotoryeprimenyayut vterapiya of human flu. There are bases to consider that for application against flu N5SHmozhet to be effective the anti-virus preparation tamiflu. However the further mutation of this strain of flu can make it unsympathetic and kpreparatu tamiflu. Therefore it is not necessary to be reserved by this preparation in advance.
Rasprostraneniyevirusov of bird flu vprirode
Except such visokopatogennogoshtammaptichy flu as N5Sh, in the nature there are other strains of flu (for example, N9Sh) which, generally, don’t cause trudnyxsledstvijbolezni.
Consider that primary "tank" of viruses of flu of type A – migratory birds, kotoryeprinadlezhat in succession Ap$egi { ogte$ (wild geese, wefts, tsapliya other). To Izucheniyeevolyutsiya of flu viruses raznyxvidov birds showed that viruses these vevraziya and America evolved independently from each other. Thus, migration between these dvumyakontinentami (shirotny migration) prakticheskine sygraetroli in virus distribution. Solving for evolution of a virus of flu okazalisptichi migrations on a longitude.
Production of eggs chicken food in Ukraine for 2000-2005 (one million pieces)
Waterfowls transfer a virus to its vokruzhayushchy environment together with a saliva, a respiratory and faecal material. At wild utokvirus flu breeds mainly in a path. Thus often the virus doesn’t cause any visible symptoms of a disease in samykhptitsa, and in high concentration is allocated the vokruzhayushchy environment. Bezsimptomnoyerazvitiye of flu at ducks and marsh birds can okazatsyarezultaty adaptations to kdanny "owner" throughout several centuries. Thus, "tank" which provides biological immortality for flu viruses is created.
Danger of bird flu to other animal species
For today participation of viruses of flu of a bird’s origin flu vepidemiya among such mammals, as cats, whales, pigs, minks, kanui poultry is registered. Cases of their transferring to populations of pigs were fixed v1970, 1996 and 2004. As pigs can be ill both bird’s, and human flu, it can become the precondition to overcoming of an interspecific barrier by it. Besides, it is proved that the virus, kotoryjvyzyvaet bezsimptomnyjxod diseases among wild natatorial, can become very much opasnymdlya house birds and mammals as a result of circulation among house hens.
Vchem reason of very attentive relation for kptichy flu vnashi days
All viruses of flu have ability to change. There is a possibility of that vbudushchy the virus of bird flu will change so that can extend from the person to the person. As such viruses, as a rule, don’t infect the person, vpopulyatsiya of people there is very low immune protection against such viruses or such protection doesn’t exist at all. If the virus of bird flu receives property to infect people, the flu pandemic (a pandemic – a rasprostraneniyeinfektsionny disease the extra how many countries or on neskolkixkontinentax with mass defeat of the population) can begin. This fact is confirmed by the American and British scientists: results of their researches testify that "the Spanish flu" (1918) byltaky deadly because it evolved izptichy flu and contained unique protein, to which at the person not byloimmuniteta. Besides, a virus of bird flu, unlike human, very much stojkijvo to environment.
Vrossy bird flu is fixed vshesti regions. According to assumptions of veterinary experts and scientists, the virus of bird flu got krossiya izstran South East Asia with migratory birds. To Vukrain bird flu is officially registered meanwhile only vselax the Autonomous Republic Crimea. For localization of this disease take serious measures: universal destruction of all bird vmestax disease outbreaks with the following burning of carcasses, provedeniyemdezinfektsiya and deratization (unichtozheniegryzunov), and also all kompleksaveterinarno-sanitary measures for prevention of distribution of an infection which contains threat for health and zhiznikak animals, and the person.
As izbegnut infections with bird flu
• avoid contact to sick or dead birds;
• don’t touch to places, on kotoryemogli to get excrement of sick birds;
• as well as at any infectious disease one of the most effective ways of protection estchasty and careful washing of hands. It is necessary to wash hands surely with soap, and also to use dezinfitsirovatrastvor, kotoryesoderzhat alcohol;
• after contact to crude meat of birds (a face, processing) and other products of poultry farming it is necessary to wash up surely carefully hands with soap, and subjects, on kotoryeobrabatyvalosmyaso birds – to disinfect;
• the virus of bird flu is easy for destroying by means of thermal processing therefore upotreblyatvpishhu products of poultry farming follows after thermal processing: it is necessary to cook eggs not less than 10 minutes, and meat – it is not less than 30 minutes at temperature 100°S. The boiled thoroughly fowl, it is impossible to catch Upotreblyayakhorosho;
• eggs it is impossible upotreblyatsyry, before upotrebleniyemy it is necessary to wash a shell with soap water carefully;
• don’t buy meat of birds and other products of poultry farming which didn’t pass veterinary and sanitary control, and also in places of unauthorized trade;
• if you have direct contact to a bird (for example, work on pticekombinate), it is necessary to make privivkiot usual human flu.
We recommend bytvnimatelny ksostoyaniyusvoy health and a pogolovyaptitsa in your farms. At suspicion in a zabolevaniiptitsa bird flu should address kspetsialist of service of veterinary medicine that were carried out a sootvetstvuyushchiyemeropriyatiya. If you live or nakhoditesyopredelenny time in a zone where bird flu is revealed, watch closely for sostoyaniyemsvoy health. At emergence of such symptoms as the complicated breath, fever, cough, etc., urgently address kvrachu.
The text of the recommendation is prepared by the Ukrainian educational center of reforms, the Dnepropetrovsk and Donetsk regional agricultural consultative services.