In the publication three types of technology of the besprivyazny maintenance of cattle are described.
First type: cows all the year round feed on vygulny platforms, milk in separately located block on installations, and animals in rooms on deep, long not replaced laying have a rest. Second type: the fodder table is equipped indoors, rest in individual boxes, milking in a hall on installations. Third type: cows samofiksiruyutsya at feeding troughs automatic leashes, eat hay from under the canopies storages located on vygulny platforms, have a rest in rooms with boxes or on deep, to long not replaced laying, and are milked in a hall on installations.
The future of dairy cattle breeding in our country is focused on the best technological practices and achievements of domestic and foreign producers of high-quality dairy production.
The domestic molokopererabatyvayushchy enterprises can let out in sufficient volume qualitative dairy production only from qualitative whole milk which can be made in industrial volumes only on large-scale specialized farms with modern technology of the maintenance of dairy herd where necessary veterinary and sanitary actions are carried out in full.
For further development of dairy production in the country it is necessary to revive dairy farms by reconstruction of suitable buildings that reduces the price of expenses, and constructions of the new. For development of projects of reconstruction and new construction it is offered to our readers and producers to consider the developed practical experience in the organization and operation of molokoproizvodyashchy farms and complexes.
In dairy cattle breeding the technology of the besprivyazny contents and milking in special halls on the automated installations is most perspective. In comparison with the fastened contents and use molokoprovoda it allows to lower costs of milking of cows in 1,5-2 times, most to realize genetic potential of herd, to automate the zootechnical account, to improve sanitarno hygienic conditions.
It is possible you will allocate three types of technology of the besprivyazny maintenance of cattle.
First type: cows all the year round feed on vygulny platforms, milk in separately located block on installations, and animals in rooms on deep, long not replaced laying have a rest. This system allows to increase labor productivity in 3-4 times in comparison with the traditional fastened contents.
Second type: the fodder table is equipped indoors, rest in individual boxes, milking in a hall on installations. Such method gives the chance to reduce costs of work of production of milk in 2,8-3 times.
Third type: cows samofiksiruyutsya at feeding troughs automatic leashes, eat hay from under canopies – the storages located on vygulny platforms, have a rest in rooms boxes or on deep, to long not replaced laying, and are milked in a hall on installations. This option allows to increase labor productivity in 2,5 times.
It is necessary to note that costs of construction of a milking hall and equipment by its modern equipment counting on a cow are comparable to expenses on acquisition of new installation for milking in molokoprovod in the conditions of the fastened contents.
The analysis of the best practices recommends to enter the besprivyazny maintenance of cows in the sections equipped with boxes for rest.
High-grade kormosmesi in strict accordance with nadoyami and with a lactation stage – one of the main conditions of high efficiency, long use and normal reproduction of cattle. This task successfully is solved by means of the mobile razdatchikov-mixers providing exact weight dispensing of all components polnoratsionny kormosmesy.
The same feeding of cows during the whole year with inclusion in a silo mix from podvyalenny herbs, plyushcheny grain, compound feed, macro and microadditives is perspective.
If there are good pastures, the cattle pasture is effective.
One of technological innovations – equipment of farms by the automated stations for individual top dressing by concentrates. Application of such installations because of their high cost is justified on highly productive farms.
In milking halls it is expedient to use the modern automated installations of the type "Fir-tree", "Tandem", "Evroparallel", and on large-scale farms – "Roundabout". "Range" and "Trigon". For receiving high-quality milk its cleaning and cooling is necessary for carrying out in the course of movement, and to store in tanks at temperature not above 4 degrees.
It is recommended to apply system of removal of manure from wide passes by means of advanced skreperny installations or the mobile combined units with which it is possible to bring a laying.
Rather new, but already checked ventilation of rooms for cows and young growth by means of a natural extract through the svetoaeratsionny skate in a roof and an air flow (without its heating) in the top part of lateral walls of a building provides a comfortable microclimate.
Formation of herd is better for beginning with firstcalf heifers, obezrozhenny at early age. Adult cows it is undesirable to Obezrozhivaniye, and the maintenance of horned animals without a leash is fraught with increase in a traumatism.
The delivery room is expedient to have close from a cowshed for reduction of ways of a stage of stylish cows.
Perspective technological decisions can be realized at reconstruction practically all rooms if they are suitable for further operation.
In management of a modern dairy farm with the besprivyazny contents and a milking hall the role of the manager (the managing director, the foreman, the manager) in providing a production schedules and production efficiency raises. According to data of foreign experts, the difference in nadoyax between bermami depending on management other things being equal reaches 50 %. Today on farms highly educated experts, organizers of production are necessary.
O. Ryshkov, for the publication prepared a survey material the expert KGAUKC.