Authors of article give a forecast of distribution of the main wreckers and diseases of commercial crops, vegetable and potatoes, vineyards and fruit in autonomy farms in August, 2007, recommend protective measures on fight against them.
The FORECAST AND DISTRIBUTIONS of the MAIN WRECKERS AND DISEASES IN FARMS of the CRIMEA IN AUGUST, 2007
Mnogoyadnye wreckers
Saranchovye (kobylka, Italian prus) will eat, couple, postpone eggs in forest belts, pastures, heathlands, pastures, propashny cultures in Bakhchsarai, Dzhankoysky, Kirovsk, Krasnogvardeysky, Krasnoperekopsky, Nizhnegorsky and Saksky areas.
Because of dry and hot weather in regions of the Autonomous Republic Crimea number a kobylok and Italian prusa which in search of green vegetation will migrate from the statsiya in crops of agricultural plants increases. The special attention needs to be turned on development and behavior saranchovy in Leninsk, Pervomaisk and Razdolnensky areas: number of wreckers here already exceeds an economic threshold of injuriousness.
For August the scoop – winter, exclamatory will be noted years of butterflies of the second generation podgryzayushchy. Otkladka of eggs will occur in propashny cultures, pairs and other fields. Under favorable conditions (heat, the moderate damp weather, blossoming vegetation) will be created and realized high fertility of females winter scoops. Destruction of weeds on steam fields, a loosening of row-spacings of propashny cultures will reduce their number.
Caterpillars listogryzushchy a scoop (cabbage, S-black, a scoop – gamma, garden, cotton, tomato, lyutsernovy) everywhere will develop and damage ochazhno vegetable, bakhchevy and other propashny cultures, long-term herbs. The centers with high number of caterpillars will destroy agrotechnical receptions (destruction of weeds, interrow loosening) and chemical actions according to sanitary requirements.
Stem (corn) moth will develop and damage in large quantities grain corn, sometimes a sorghum, sunflower, millet.
Protective measures of crops of corn during an exit of a whisk formation of grain in the presence of 6-8 % of plants with caterpillars of a moth and cotton scoops of younger age spray Detsis Forte of 0,0-0,08 l/hectares, Karate zeon, k.s. 0,2 l/hectares, Lepidotsid, 2 kg/hectares and other preparations.
Commercial crops
On sunflower first of all mealy dew everywhere will extend, mass development a tsikadok is expected, development of a podsolnechnikovy ognevka, shhitonoski and a scoop is probable.
In plantations of tobacco will continue development tobacco tripe, ochazhno podgryzayushchy and listogryzushchy scoops, virus diseases, bronzing of tomatoes will extend, white is dazzled, perenosporoz, bacterial ryabuxa.
Potatoes and vegetable cultures
Potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants will be damaged by the Colorado beetle of summer generation. Fruits of tomatoes will be harmed tomato, garden, cotton by scoops. Conditions of warm rainy weather or sharp temperature drop within days, availability of dews, will strengthen development and distribution fitoftoroza. Development of a brown spottiness and topmost decay that can lead to yield losses is possible. Against diseases of paslenovy cultures the Acrobat of MTs, item page, 2¬ú/hectare, Tatu, k.s, 3 l/hectares, Kvadris, k.s are effective., 0,6 l/hectares, Ridomil Gold of MTs, page of the item, century of and others, from Colorado zhuka Aktara, century of g., 0,06-0,08 kg/hectares, Karate zeon, mk.s, 0,1 l/hectares.
In crops of cucumbers development of mealy dew and antraknoza everywhere will proceed. Cucumbers from diseases spray Alyetom item page, the Acrobat of MTs, page of item of 2,5 kg/hectares, Kvadris, k.e.0,6 l/hectare from mealy dew Bayletoln, Topaz, Saprolem. From sucking wreckers are effective Aktellik, Karate zeon.
On cabbage plant louses, scoops, moths, white butterflies, flea beetles will effectively eat. Plants, probably, will strike vascular and mucous bacterioses, perenosporoz, fomoz.
Late grades of cabbage protect Bazudin, Damascus, century e., Diazinon, k.e.1 l/hectare, Nomoltom, k.e., 0,3 l/hectares. Chemical protection of plants of vegetable cultures should be carried out strictly observing sanitary standards.
Fruit plantings and vineyards
At the end of August it is necessary to expect development of a yablonny plodozhorka of the 3rd facultative generation.
The injuriousness on an apple-tree, a pear and other fruit crops will be continued by sucking wreckers (plant louses, pincers, deaf adders) which number will regulate availability of optimum moisture and air temperature; caterpillars of ABB of the 2nd generation will show the injuriousness in garden, vineyards, forest-park, priusadebny plantings, forest belts.
Development parshi apple-trees, a pear and mealy dew, klyasterosporioza, kokkomikoza, polistigmoza, pyatnistost of kostochkovy trees will be noted everywhere.
In grape plantings caterpillars of a grozdevy listovertka of the 3rd generation will develop and harm everywhere. To vineyards will do the harm felt and web pincers, under favorable conditions will continue the development mildyu, antraknoz, a black spottiness, other diseases.
Chemical protection of vineyards is necessary at identification of the centers of harmful organisms. In growth of berries against a grozdevy listovertka use Arrivo, 0,26-0,38 l/hectares, Bi-58 of new, 1,2-3 l/hectares, Sumi-alfa, 0,4-0,6 l/hectares, Fyyuri, 0,15 l/hectares. Against pincers Bi-58 new, Zolon, Tiovit Jett, Demitan, Talstar are effective. From mildyu grapes revitalize with Kvadris of 0,8 l/hectares, Ridomil Gold MTs of 2,5 kg/hectares, Tanosom of 0,4-0,45 kg/hectares. Against oidiuma are recommended to Bayleton, 0,15 – 0,3 kg/hectares, Tiofen, 1-1,5 kg/hectares, Topaz, 0,25 l/hectares, Flint, 0,25 kg/hectares, Falkon of 0,3 l/hectares.
V. Permyakov, chief of the State station of protection of plants, V.Sad, acting manager. laboratory of forecasts and diagnostics.