Recommendations are made how to avoid a travmirovaniye in crowd, i.e. at a big congestion of people at stadiums, during meetings, demonstrations, etc.
Observance of councils will help not to get to a risky situation on mass actions.
UDC 331
People should know that stay on square meter more than three persons at confluence of certain circumstances can already be life-threatening and health.
When the person stays in crowd, it reduces level of subjective control, both over itself, and over a situation. It is caused, first of all, so-called by "effect of infection – unconscious perception of information and examples of behavior which arise from emotional influence of people which communicate. For example, it is necessary to any joker to shout the scared voice: Fire!, as in crowd at once there is a panic with its consequences.
Leaving on the populous street, visiting places of a big congestion of people (shows, concerts, etc.), it is necessary to be very careful. Whenever possible, children are better be not to taking with itself. Before zaglubitsya in crowd, surely it is necessary to think over option, in what direction it is better to get out of it in case of danger emergence. If the panic after all arose, it is necessary to behave as much as possible frostily, not to answer pushes. It is necessary to seize the situation which has caused a panic, and to operate respectively to it.
Danger especially increases, if the crowd is in limited space. For example, in June, 1989 in Minsk a rain with the hail and a wire breakage of the trolleybus line tired out crowd of people in small premises of metro station. There was a turmoil, shouts, cries. The limited open space of station remained without oxygen. Over 40 people died on the spot, choked, and ten more died in hospital and 30 were in a serious condition. Different traumas were got by 150 people.
It is dangerous to be in crowd on the bridge. A handrail can not sustain an impact of weight of people, break. People get from the bridge to water or on the coast. Even more dangerously in the tunnel: closely and air it is not enough.
Formation of crowd before doors is dangerous. In the winter of 1999 in Chervonograda (Lvovshchin) at a cinema school students trampled to ten age-mates. The tragedy happened because of workers of a cinema which, not to cool the auditorium decided to let out the audience through entrance doors from the expectation side of the hall, into which the new audience began to rush to take the best places. The crowd was formed.
For sports palaces and stadiums the big congestion of people is peculiar. Tens of thousands of audience come to matches. At an exit dangerous many thousands crowds are created. It is possible to call tens tragedies which occurred at stadiums on the termination of sports shows.
In what danger of stay of the person consists in crowd? There is a risk to be tumbled down from feet and crushed or squeezed so that it is impossible to inhale. Considering all this, it is necessary not to hurry to an exit from stadium after the match termination, not to climb in a crowd, especially with children. It is better to wait, isn’t becomes more free yet, and then to leave.
As showed life experiment, people aren’t taught to observance of an elementary personal security and tactfulness in relation to persons who are nearby. It is necessary to learn the population to elements of psychology of a survival in the conditions of the modern cities.
Not to suffer in crowd, it is necessary to adhere to such rules:
It is necessary to avoid the crowd center, and also edge where there is a dangerous neighbourhood with glass show-windows, lattices, protections and walls. Not to do at all attempts to go against a flow of people. Try to evade from motionless obstacles – afishny curbstones, trees, columns. It is not necessary to cling to something if only not to get traumas. The main thing – not to fall. It is for this purpose better to throw a bag, an umbrella and to release hands, not to try to lift something, even the purse let go with money or documents can cost lives. In case of falling it is necessary to make immediately attempt to rise. From knees it will not be possible to rise. It is necessary to tighten as fast as possible under itself feet and breakthrough vytolknutsya up, using crowd movement. In dense crowd big danger of squeezing therefore it is necessary to protect a breast the hands linked in the lock. From crowd to leave better in the direction of travel, to move the right shoulder at an acute angle to the right.
The most universal safety rule – to avoid a chaos. It is necessary to plan in advance for itself the exit direction not to appear on a way
possible crowd.
Big masses of people sometimes gather for meetings, demonstrations, protest actions, picketing. Sometimes there are conflicts between crowd and law enforcement bodies. Not to suffer in such situation, it is necessary to adhere to such councils:
Gathering for mass actions, it is better not to take with itself pricking and cutting subjects, to do without a tie, a scarf, a bag, glasswares. The footwear high-heeled also can cost lives. Without emergency not to take posters on poles or sticks which in case of disorders can be treated by militia as the weapon. On mass actions it is better to steer clear of microphones, tribunes, ranks of militia on which the discontent of crowd is often directed. It is not necessary to come nearer to aggressively adjusted groups. At the first movement of crowd try to get out in the lateral direction back. It is not necessary to accept before demonstration or during it alcohol drinks.
Thus, observance of the councils set forth above and manuals will help not to get to a dangerous risky situation on mass actions at a big congestion of people, to escape in a crowd of a human stream.
V. Zalishchuk.
(On Tekhnopolis magazine materials).