In article diseases and the wreckers which injuriousness is expected during the autumn period on crops of winter crops this year are noted. Recommendations about chemical fight against these phenomena are besides made, considering weather climatic conditions.
There are dangerous diseases and the wreckers capable sometimes to ruin a crop of winter crops
There are dangerous diseases and the wreckers capable sometimes to ruin a crop of winter crops. In particular, it will be a question of myshevidny rodents and the grain ground beetle.
Myshevidnye rodents belong to warm-blooded, are characterized by high activity, big fertility, ability to considerable migrations.
In the current year the increased number and injuriousness of myshevidny rodents is expected, their injuriousness will proceed all winter period. Population of these rodents will be presented by a steppe, house, field mouse, that is zernoyadny types. And in the centers of Lenin, Saksky, Black Sea areas the kurganchikovy mouse will meet also.
Different groups of myshevidny rodents have an unequal rate of reproduction. Voles that is caused by quite early puberty are most prolific. They give in year of 4-6 dung, 10-12 cubs in everyone (that is 400-600 rodents in a year).
The main migration of myshevidny rodents on crops of winter crops from the raw fields is expected. Therefore soon we recommend to carry out first of all zyablevy plowing on fields which adjoin to crops of the winter.
The most intense situation is expected on the massifs released after cleaning of rice and sunflower.
For the prevention of moving and damage of shoots of winter crops at achievement of an economic threshold of injuriousness (EPV) of 2-3 colonies on hectare, 7-8 holes in a colony, it is necessary to carry out without fail a priming of holes.
From chemical measures of fight, considering weather climatic conditions of this period, baits with rodenticides on a basis fosfida zinc (rodenfos) will be the most effective.
Preservation of the vegetative remains on polyaxi superficial processing of the soil led to accumulation on the Crimean fields of the grain ground beetle. At present, at inspection of shoots of winter crops of a crop of 2009, everywhere in all areas settling of crops by larvae of this wrecker of the first and second age is revealed at average number of 0,6 copies on meter square that already exceeds EPV.
It is especially necessary to pay attention to settling of crops by the grain ground beetle to agricultural producers who sew winter grain crops on grain on sternevy predecessors and didn’t carry out a toksikatsiya of seeds in full. It is necessary to consider also that protective action of a toksikatsiya – 2-3 weeks.
Considering the aforesaid, we recommend to establish continuous control of development of the grain ground beetle for all autumn period of vegetation and if necessary to hold destructive events for protection of crops.
Due to the sharp difference of a temperature mode in day and night hours, it is necessary to pay attention to diseases of winter crops: the root decayed, mealy dew, a rust, gelmintosporioz.
From the above-mentioned listostebelny diseases, the greatest fear is caused by the root decayed, as in the centers of their manifestation at plants emergence of secondary root system is noted.
For improvement of the soil, removal of an infection and at identification of a pozhelteniye of crops of winter barley it is necessary to carry out preventive processings fungicidami, taking into account observance of a temperature mode: at temperature from +70S to +80S to apply Fundazol of 50 % for item page – 0,5 kg/hectares; at temperature from +140S to +160S preparations: Impakt 25 % k.s., Rex duo k.s., Rex since page, Bayleton of item page – 0,5 l/hectares (these preparations of a wide range of action, that is are applied against a complex of diseases).
Only continuous carrying out continuous inspection and control of a fytosanitory condition of crops and as timely carrying out protective measures will allow to keep future crop.
To heads of farms of all forms of ownership who have no agriculturists on protection of plants, we suggest to address to specialists of service of protection of plants of the republican and regional device.
V. Permyakov, chief of the State inspection of protection of plants of AR Crimea.