In article it is told about application of rape oil for production of biofuel. Different technologies of use of rape oil as fuels for a diesel engine are given. Are noted both positive, and negative consequences of application of rape and methyl air as a biodiesel engine.
UDC 662:621
As Ukraine sees itself in the near future as a part of European Union, it is necessary to mean that by instructions of the European parliament from 08.05.03 is provided that in each of the European Union countries fuel should make not less than 2 % of total of fuel which is used of products of processing of agricultural industry, and till 2010 – 5,7 %.
Considering real possibilities in Ukraine, priority value for production of biofuel has rape oil, and sunflower takes the second position.
Fuel – an element of technological system of the engine. Therefore alternative fuel can be introduced, if it satisfies certain production, economic and ecological requirements, namely: it can be used in engines needlessly it (is desirable) changes in a design; without reducing available resources of engines; it will be compatible to other materials, economically competitive to available fuel (diesel) and it will be in enough; in environment it will have emissions of exhaust gases no more, than at diesel fuel.
Different technologies of use of rape oil as fuels for a diesel engine are essentially possible.
Unfinished holodnopressovanny oil. Above, than at diesel fuel the temperature of boiling of components of oil leads to education smolo-and varnish coverings in system fuel giving and on walls of the chamber of combustion, the consumption of oil increases and operation of details of tsilindro-piston group is accelerated.
Additional complication is caused by high viscosity of rape oil, approximately in 15 times above diesel fuel. Therefore the system of supply of fuel should be definitely modified.
Adaptation of such fuel demands essential changes of a design of the engine. Considering a situation in our industry, in the next five years these options won’t find the decision.
Rape oil of cold pressing with additives. Addition of additives to the holodnopressovanny, filtered oil from seeds of a rape receive fuel which is suitable for use in engines without constructive changes (in Germany such mix call Tessol) though viscosity of a mix is much higher than viscosity of diesel fuel, and its tsetanovy number is thus much lower, than at the raw oil.
Mix of diesel fuel with oil of cold pressing – the simplest way of receiving fuel for a diesel engine. However scientific and reasonable recommendations about a ratio of components still aren’t present (in Ukraine and Latvia offer a ratio of 70-80 % of diesel fuel and 20-30 % of rape oil, in Japan – 50/50, in Russia 25-75 %). Thus all note that the main technical and economic indicators of work of diesel engines on the mixed fuel practically don’t differ from indicators in operating time on the diesel.
Rape and methyl air (RME) which depending on applied technology and the producer, has different names, for example – a biodiesel engine, RME, FAME, biopal, etc. Receive RME in a consequence of reaction of interaction of methyl alcohol, rape oil and catalysts thanks to what receive air and glycerin, i.e. receive some by-products.
That the biodiesel engine doesn’t incorporate some sulfur therefore products of its combustion don’t contain some derivative oxides of sulfur which cause acid rains is important. At the same time on such indicators as density, viscosity, fractional structure, iodic number, availability of water-soluble alkalis, RME essentially differs from diesel fuel. Researches confirm that RME use as in diesel engines conducts fuels to smeseobrazovaniye deterioration, and, respectively, and to decrease in technical and economic indicators of operation of the engine.
In engine operating time the term of work of engine oil established for diesel engines needs to be reduced by RME twice since its fractional structure is much heavier, than at diesel fuel, and it not completely burning down, gets to oil and worsens its operational properties. Because of high activity of methyl air of a detail which stay in direct contact to fuel, should be made of resistant materials.
By the way, Volkswageni BMWS which the first started to apply a biodiesel engine, changed also the relation to it (diesel engines fill with diesel fuel). In the electronic press information which calls into question ecological advantages of RME is placed: the researches which have been carried out to the USA and Sweden, testify that in products of combustion of RME much more cancerogenic substances, rather than in diesel fuel with the improved ecological properties. Besides, products of combustion of RME have ability to form nitrogen and promotes formation of an organic smog.
Therefore for reduction of negative action of RME it in a usage time mix with diesel fuel.
Mix of diesel fuel and RME. A ratio of components in a mix in the different countries a miscellaneous. Our researches with samples of RME testified that on the major indicators: viscosity, fractional structure, density – the most optimal ratio – 50/50. In this case the main indicators of a mix come nearer to indicators of standard fuel. Questions of influence of a mix on reliability and durability of work of a power supply system and engines as a whole demands further researches. Concrete recommendations about adaptation of products on the basis of rape oil as fuels for a diesel engine – No.
(On Propozits_ya magazine materials).