In the publication it is a question that Ukraine has most in Europe a biomass. Advantages of use of a biomass are described by landowners.
MORE ALL the BIOMASS IN EUROPE MA YE UKRAINE
On energy kilowatt-hour from straw it is necessary a material for 4 kopeks!
Ukraine has only an arable land – over 32 million hectares therefore has a powerful source of raw materials for production of species of energy. The world leader in this area nowadays there is Germany: here plan to construct soon to 220 thousand bioinstallations. On forecasts of scientists, stocks of oil and gas the maximum for the next 50 years will suffice. Ukraine delivers 70-75 percent of oil, gas and oil products, and it sharply reduces power safety of the country. And because of reduction of their stocks of the price by these resources will grow.
For Ukraine scientists consider as the most perspective a biomass. And our state in Europe has its greatest number.
Nowadays in the world 250 billions tons of dry organic substance from which it is possible to receive energy are. This quantity in 25 times exceeds world oil extraction. Biomass use in the world is the fourth by quantity and a znacheniiya power technology. At intensive development it can come out on top and replace oil, gas, coal and nuclear power. At continuous growth of the price for gas and Ukraine oil should be engaged in those technologies of obtaining energy from a biomass. And we have only ten bioinstallations.
In Ukraine the agricultural industry has the greatest possibilities for development of biotechnologies. At the same time nowadays it suffers because of the high prices for energy carriers and mineral fertilizers. In agrarian sector it is necessary to introduce microbiological technologies which give the chance to receive energy carriers in the form of liquid or gas, and at the same time that products of microbiological processing were the fine organ and mineralized fertilizer.
At us the most fertile lands, 25 % of the world chernozem are in Ukraine. However our lands are constantly exhausted because sharp entering into it organic fertilizers was reduced. And using a biomass, landowners will receive energy carriers, a waste can become the good organo-mineralizovany fertilizers which one ton will replace 10 tons of humus.
Denmark has the experience of use of straw greatest in the world in power. In this country heating by straw became a part of system of power supply.
In Ukraine straw can provide to power of 20 % of requirement for energy resources if to enter special coppers for its burning or fermentation. That is even it will be possible to warm with straw apartments!
Straw from different plants – buckwheats, beans, cereals extremely power. For example, from kg rape it is possible to take to 7 megajoules and it can be turned into bioenergy. From hectare of such straw it is possible to receive 27-28 thousand energy kilowatt.
In the world production of biogas from a corn and rye silo is most effective. From hectare of crops of corn we will receive 70 thousand kilowatt. At the same time for cultivation of a certain grade of corn it is necessary to have the seeds, expensive equipment, mineral fertilizers. Therefore Ukrainians should work at simpler biomass – straw. God so created a stalk that in kg of stebelny weight is more put energy, than in bread kg. From kg of bread it is had 14,5 megajoules of energy, and from stalk kg – from 15 to 17. One bale of the pressed straw (and it is 350 kgs) at combustion allocates 108 kW of energy and replaces 120 liters of fuel oil. On the average three tons of straw on the heateducational ability can replace one thousand cubic meter of natural gas. Thus in the course of growth of straw the same amount of carbon which is allocated at its burning is absorbed.
The high-calorie stalk gives a lot of heat, but it can’t give a large amount of biogas. From kg of a stalk we can receive gas to 0,8 cubic meter, and the ton gives 700-800 cubic meter of biogas. From covering straw with manure it is possible to receive on 400-500 cubic meter of biogas. One cow can give in a year of 30 tons of manure which is mixed with straw. Farther this straw silosuetsya, moves in the reactor where wanders. From the biogas cleared of sulfur remarkable fertilizer for commercial crops turns out. For example, on Ternopolshchin from all types of biofuel can develop over 0,5 billion cubic meter of biogas, and these are 270 million cubic meter of pure methane.
On energy kilowatt-hour from straw it is necessary a material for 4 kopeks! For production of biogas the different green material most available to Ukrainians, after all all greens wander. Besides, a lot of energy a waste of processing of meat, a press and especially molasses give serum, the bard spirit.
Installation for burning of straw really to equip by own efforts. And it is favorable to warm with it both a farm, and individual. It is also possible to get coppers for burning of straw which already make in Ukraine and Russia.
Unfortunately, the gas and oil lobby in Ukraine let’s develop to biogas technologies and biodiesel engine development. And yet there will be no serious state program on bio-energetics development, anything at us won’t change.
On newspaper materials To Fermerska hospodariate.