Consultation for truck farmers about possibility to avoid sortozameny summer landing potatoes is given.
Summer landing of potatoes by tubers of a last year’s crop allows to solve a problem of a sortoobnovleniye and sortozameny. Its technology is simple, available to each truck farmer and allows not only to regale on young potatoes in the autumn, but also annually to receive a qualitative landing material.
There are two main reasons causing degeneration of grades of potatoes – an ecological depression and accumulation of a virus infection. Characteristic features of summer – the high temperature, insufficient humidity of the soil – coincide with the klubneobrazovaniye period at potatoes which have been traditionally landed in the spring (in April – May). In a crop received from spring landing, the tubers giving at a prorashchivaniye threadlike sprouts will meet, and when cleaning – a poor crop. The number of tubers with threadlike sprouts increases from year to year, testifying to ecological degeneration of a grade. Other reason is caused by accumulation in grades of low reproductions of an infection of virus diseases which are transferred and extend generally sucking insects – plant louses, tsikadka, bugs, etc. It is especially harmful peach and other species of the plant louses which active years also coincides with the hot period of summer – time of accumulation of a crop at veyosenny landing of potatoes.
It is enough to postpone terms of cultivation of potatoes to later period to "leave" from negative influence of both described factors: at summer landing the klubneobrazovaniye is removed for more cool and damp period, and years of carriers of viruses by this time already stops.
The crop collected in the autumn, before the first frosts or right after them, contains physiologically young and revitalized tubers which are perfectly stored and give more big crop (for 15 – 30 %), than from the landing material received in the usual way.
If a part of a crop from summer landing by tubers of high reproductions (it is better than all average size) to leave from year to year for further summer landings, viability of a grade of potatoes can be prolonged essentially even in the hottest and droughty areas - the Crimea, Nikolaev, Kherson and other areas.
At summer landing of potatoes by tubers of a crop of last year it is necessary to solve two problems: to keep seed tubers up to their disembarkation (without an oblamyvaniye of sprouts) and to organize plentiful waterings without which to grow up in the summer potatoes is impossible. It is important to define also correctly landing terms – the earlier to land potatoes, the crop will be higher, but the lower there will be its seed qualities.
For receiving commodity young potatoes in the south landing carry out on July 15 – 25. For receiving a qualitative landing material to land last year’s tubers it is better at the end of July as the mass of the received crop and the size of tubers play here a supporting role, health and future efficiency is much more important than them. For the seed purposes it is possible to use tubers from summer landing of any fraction.
(On Ogorodnik magazine materials).