In article scientific justification of is given that short moustaches play a negative role in grapes development.
The ROLE VUSIKOV IN GRAPES DEVELOPMENT
It is experimentally established that grapes short moustaches as the atraguyushchy centers giberelina assist more intensive growth of escapes at early stages ontogeneza. Short moustaches of an inflorescence reduce physiological activity of an inflorescence, generativny development and plodoobrazovaniye process therefore it is desirable to delete them that will promote the best development of an inflorescence and its transformation to a short mustache will brake.
The person applies different receptions to management of growth and development of plants. The problem is of great importance, as is connected with requirements of the practice. Let’s consider in this regard such fine detail of a grape bush as short moustaches. With them, it appears, are connected both vegetative growth and generativny development of a grapevine. In the past grapes put near high trees. Over time people learned to limit growth of a rod and began to apply low props. Nowadays considerable distribution was got by system of support in the form of a lane. Function of short moustaches of grapes when it grew in the wild nature, lost now the value. Maintaining a grape bush on a lane led to loss by short moustaches of their leading role – bodies of deduction of escapes and clusters on a support. This function is carried out nowadays by such agroactions, as "dry" and "green" garters.
Giberellin, stimulating growth of escapes, influences to a considerable increase of short moustaches which at 5-10 time happen longer, than on escapes of control bushes.
Results of researches confirm that growth of short moustaches on escape depends on their loading inflorescences. On the escapes overloaded with inflorescences, their development is late.
It is experimentally established that at silnorosly escapes short moustaches don’t disappear, as it is approved by some authors, and their spiralizatsiya is observed without collision with any subject.
When spraying by solution giberellina plodonosny bushes of grapes it is established that the preparation depending on terms of processing and applied concentration influences a morphogenesis of short moustaches.
Giberellin more all influences growth of short moustaches when processing escapes in their intensive growth. Use giberellina leads to a fast oderevesneniye of short moustaches and an intensive spiralizatsiya.
Short moustaches which are in a free condition, but differ high level endogenny giberellinov, are capable spiralizovatsya irrespective of collision with any object. At collision with object (a lane, grapes escapes) the spiralizatsiya amplifies. The irritation of a short mustache influences to inflow to it endogenny giberellinov.
Short moustaches are necessary for escapes of a grape plant not so for their deduction on a lane, and as the atraguyushchy centers giberellinov which strengthen their growth. It is very important for vineyards of the 1-2nd year of landing. Rather fructifying vineyards, short moustaches aren’t necessary to them and for the best ratio of vegetative growth and generativny development it is desirable to delete them. It will promote process of a plodoobrazovaniye of grades which differ big inflorescences, considerable subsidence of a flower and a gorosheniye of berries. Such grades treat the Muscat Alexandria, Terbash, Karaburn, all grades of the Central Asian group: Kishmish white, Kishmish black, Nimrang, Tayfi pink, etc. Removal of short moustaches is desirable for carrying out and on grades with functionally female type of a flower that will improve fertilisation process, will reduce quantity of berries which goroshatsya, and will be raised by cluster density. To this day for this purpose used a method of a prishchipyvaniye of escapes in 10 days prior to flowering. Removal of short moustaches reduces force of growth of escapes that promotes the best plodoobrazovaniye.
Whether and short moustaches are necessary to an inflorescence? Some authors argue that short moustaches don’t hold an inflorescence on a support. Researches showed that inflorescences which have strongly developed short moustaches, have a poor development and sharply lowered plodoobrazovaniye.
Transformation of an inflorescence to a short mustache can occur at any stage of its morphogenesis, up to normally developed inflorescence. Having paid special attention to extent of development morphologically the bottom axis of an inflorescence correlation connection between development morphologically the bottom axis of an inflorescence and the main inflorescence is established. Than the lower part of the inflorescence was less developed morphologically, the inflorescence as a whole especially was developed. Extent of development morphologically the bottom axis of an inflorescence can be biodough for a general characteristic of development of an inflorescence and its efficiency.
By results of researches, transitional forms from an inflorescence to a short mustache can be found, but the short mustache never passes to an inflorescence. If in the development the inflorescence went a vegetative way, this process by means of inhibitors of growth and other agroreceptions can be suspended only, instead of to return to an initial condition. In separate years we observed this phenomenon which had such mass character which led to a considerable yield loss. On supervision, most actively this process occurs in years when in the spring at high temperature a large amount of a precipitation, and under the influence of big doses of nitric and organic fertilizers drops out. These factors can influence in swelling of kidneys and further stages of a morphogenesis.
Transformation of an inflorescence to a short mustache can occur at high level giberellinov in escape. Especially contrastly it can be observed during peephole growth. Process of transformation of an inflorescence in a short mustache can occur at any stage ontogeneza a grape plant, and the mechanism its identical to all types of a grape plant, irrespective of biological features of a grade.
Short moustaches of inflorescences at this stage of development of a grape plant don’t give advantage, and, on the contrary, negatively influence generativny development of inflorescences and a plodoobrazovaniye.
From told follows above that in connection with transition of a plant to culture short moustaches of grapes lost the function of body of deduction of escape on a support. Considering that they are the atraguyushchy centers giberellinov which strengthen growth of escapes, it is expedient to leave them only in the first years of vegetation. On fructifying vineyards short moustaches have no importance and during intensive growth of escapes, especially silnorosly grades, it is expedient to delete them.
Short moustaches of an inflorescence will play only negative role in its morphogenesis, generativny development, their removal will promote plodoobrazovaniye improvement. The short mustache isn’t capable to turn into an inflorescence, more often it occurs on the contrary. In separate years at high humidity and air temperature mass transformation of inflorescences to short moustaches is under natural conditions observed. As a rule, it sharply reduces efficiency of vineyards.
G. Manankov, Dr.Sci.Biol., O. Manankova, Candidate of Biology.
Crimean state engineering and pedagogical university.