In article results of work on introduction are given in production of new perspective grades and hybrids a vegetable-bakhchevykh of cultures. It is also noted that experts of KGA UKTs are always ready to render the information and consulting and practical help to agricultural enterprises.
Past year efforts of heads and specialists of the Ministry of an agrarian policy of the Autonomous Republic Crimea, regional managements of agroindustrial development, farms of all forms of ownership, including and the population, and thanks to daily persistent creative activity of peasants skillful managing managed to provide in our region production of potatoes in volume of 180,0 thousand tons (113,3 % to a forecast) and vegetables – 160,2 thousand tons (101,7 % to a forecast).
In spite of the fact that the beginning of year didn’t promise a big crop, was collected more than in 2005 of vegetables on 32,3 thousand tons and potatoes on 21,2 thousand tn.
Especially tensely there was a work during the winter period of the expired year at hothouse and vegetable combines. During the period from January 21 to January 26 in extreme weather conditions (sharp decrease in air temperature to-25 ° With and strengthenings of a northeast wind to 17 m/s) occurred death of the vegetable plants grown up and landed on a constant place on the area about 10 hectares, in sledstvit that direct losses reached 2 million hryvnias.
And only thanks to mobilization of all forces and possibilities in branch it was possible not to allow decrease in production of vegetable production to level of 2005 though backlog on gathering early vegetables in the first months exceeded one thousand tons.
A certain work on a production growth in volumes a vegetable-bakhchevykh of cultures and potatoes was carried out also by specialists of department of plant growing of branch of scientific and technical information and agricultural consultation of the Crimean state agrarian educational advice center at the expense of introduction to production of new perspective grades and hybrids of vegetable, bakhchevy cultures and potatoes of domestic and foreign selection, cultivation of early potatoes with use of a new ukryvny material – agrofibres.
Last year on a contractual basis to farms of SPK "Georgia" of the May Day area, JSC 8 marta-Agrosad of the Dzhankoysky area? To a pilot farm of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of UAAN of the Krasnogvardeysky area, state of emergency Suleymanov of the Saksky area and Afonyushkin’s state of emergency of the May Day area there was an information and consulting practical help in selection of grades and hybrids a vegetable-bakhchevykh of cultures and potatoes, in providing agricultural producers to vysokokonditsionny sowing campaigns and a landing material.
On the basis of SPK "Georgia" of the May Day area the technology of cultivation of early potatoes in open soil with use of a new ukryvny material – agrofibres on the area of four hectares continued to be fulfilled. Also grades of potatoes of domestic and foreign selection at the same time were tested. Better than others the grade of the Russian selection Talovsky 110 proved to be. On the average from each hectare it is received on 25 tons of early commodity tubers of it sorat. And all under potatoes in an economy 125 hectares were occupied. Gross collecting made 2750t at average productivity of 22 t/hectares.
Productivity of grades of domestic selection was the highest: The Slav of-26 t/hectares, Serpanok – 25 t/hectares. And Santa – the grade of foreign selection gave 24 t/hectares.
Along with it strategic branch in this economy the head of an economy Valery Ivanovich Hasitoshvili and the main agriculturist Pavel Ivanovich Talalov consider vegetable growing. Vegetables here were cultivated on the area 300ga, including on a drop irrigation – 65 hectares. Productivity indicators speak pro se: cabbage of early and average grades it is collected on 50 t/hectares, cabbage late – 65 t/hectares, cucumbers – 45 t/hectares, tomatoes – 72 t/hectares and onions napiform – 70 t/hectares.
Thanks to continuous introduction in production of new perspective grades and hybrids of vegetable cultures and potatoes, resource-saving technologies of their cultivation, and also creation of optimum conditions of cultivation for each crop throughout all vegetative period managed to reach such indicators. On the predesigns, the expected profit on the average from each hectare from production of vegetables will make about 15 thousand UAH., potatoes – within 8 thousand UAH.
From year to year increases volume of production and realization a vegetable-bakhchevykh of cultures state of emergency collective Suleymanov of the Saksky area. The skilled vegetable grower with the higher agronomical education Refat Nafiyevich Suleymanov heads it, and the expert to all of us "Saki’s" known former specialized vegerable-growing state farm, too with the higher education and a long experience of work Tamara Ivanovna Smeshlivaya helps it. The knowledge in perfection of all technological subtleties of cultivation of vegetable cultures, helps them to receive the maximum return from plants.
In this economy work on introduction in production of new perspective grades of hybrids a vegetable-bakhchevykh of cultures on total area more than 57 hectares proceeded also. From them vegetables in open soil were cultivated on 50,5 hectares, in spring film hothouses – on 1,25 hectares and bakhchevy cultures on the area of 6 hectares.
The daily accurately planned work on implementation of requirements of an agrotechnology of cultivated cultures taking into account their high-quality structure provided high efficiency of plants. Especially pleased a hybrid of cabbage of Krautman. Despite a number of developing stressful conditions in cultivation, deviations in growth and development of plants practically it was not observed, productivity reached 70 t/hectares.
Grades of domestic selection of Yaroslavn and the Snow White cultivated on traditional technology, yielded a harvest at level of 50 t/hectares.
The second year in a row pleases the eye pepper of a grade of Ivanhoe. Unsurpassed flavoring qualities and an attractive trade dress of its fruits, high productivity quite satisfy both the production worker, and the buyer.
For the first time the hybrid of an eggplant of Calypso was tested under production conditions. The distinctive spherical form and total absence of bitterness in fruits drew attention of the consumer and used the increased consumer demand.
In our opinion, in grades and hybrids of cultures cultivated in open soil, such as cabbage Krautman, Yaroslavna, the Snow White, Calypso eggplant, the Nadir, pepper of Ivanhoe, a beet table Detroit, a water-melon Hollow also the Pharaoh, Delano’s melon all properties which are shown by producers and consumers are ideally connected.
In spring hothouses on solar heating during the early-spring period perfectly the grade of a garden radish of Rubbish showed itself. Its trade dress, flavoring qualities, productivity, almost disposable harvesting in comparison with other grades and hybrids were unsurpassed.
Hybrids of tomatoes of foreign selection, such as Brooklyn, the Charleston, Newton, Béla, Rali, Belaviza which were cultivated in film hothouses after a garden radish on solar heating with use of a drop irrigation, provided high return throughout all vegetative period lasting practically to frosts. The main feature of these hybrids – ability to grow and give a good harvest in the most extreme conditions. They very well transfer low and high temperatures, keeping a zavyazyvayemost and quality of fruits.
As a whole, working in difficult market conditions, thanks to correctly picked up range of cultures cultivated a vegetable-bakhchevykh and their high-quality structure it was possible to reach them economic efficiency.
In open soil and with use of a new ukryvny material – agrofibres on the basis of JSC 8 marta-Agrosad of the Dzhankoysky area took root into production of a grade of potatoes of domestic selection: Call, Serpanok and Slav. The mid-season grade the Slav which was grown up on traditional technology showed the highest productivity. From each hectare it is collected on 34 tons of commodity tubers. And very little the early ripe grade Serpanok lagged behind in efficiency.
Production tests of many grades of potatoes of domestic and foreign selection carried out in recent years for the commodity purposes in various soil climatic conditions of the Crimea allowed to draw a conclusion that for this period are most productive an early ripe grade of potatoes of the Russian selection Talovsky 110 and domestic selection Serpanok. Among the mid-season the Slav – a grade deduced at institute of potato growing of UAAN and zoned for cultivation in all zones of Ukraine is in the lead.
Besides in this economy two vegetable cultures under production conditions were tested, these are grades and hybrids of belokochanny cabbage for winter storage of domestic and foreign selection and a grade and carrots hybrids, both on early production, and for storage. The first received results allowed to reveal the most productive grades and hybrids of tested cultures in the conditions of the economy. So, the separate grades grown up on usual traditional technology and hybrids of cabbage in terms of 1 hectare reached productivity of 100 t/hectares, and carrots – about 70 t/hectares. In the current year further production tests of perspective vegetable cultures is planned to continue.
The past year was favorable for introduction in production of perspective grades and hybrids of belokochanny cabbage of domestic and foreign selection in Afonyushkin’s state of emergency of the May Day area. In total eight grades and hybrids here were tested. The hybrid of average cabbage of Tsenturion (80 t/hectares) was the leader on productivity. Its white, the big size, qualitative heads of cabbage had excellent internal structure and excellent qualities for a fermentation. Besides this hybrid appeared steady to fuzariozu. Perfectly proved also a hybrid of cabbage of Koronet. Its feature: the short period of vegetation (90 days), very dense heads of cabbage is powerful 2-3 kg, are well used fresh and perfectly are suitable for a fermentation. Production of repeated landing is suitable for winter storage (till May of the next year). 60 t of commodity heads of cabbage from hectare are collected.
In the current year in this economy taking into account local conditions of their cultivation further production tests of perspective grades and hybrids of domestic and foreign selection of belokochanny cabbage, carrots and potatoes for the South of Ukraine are planned.
The rendered information and consulting and practical help to the Pilot farm of the Crimean institute of agroindustrial production of the Ukrainian academy of agrarian sciences in selection of vegetable cultures and providing with a sowing material positively affected results of work of vegetable growers.
Now results of work in this branch most effectively to plan the production program of the current year are analyzed.
In turn specialists of department of plant growing of branch of scientific and technical information and agricultural consultation of the Crimean state agrarian educational advice center are always ready to render the feasible information and consulting and practical help to the interested agricultural enterprises, including and the population, on introduction of achievements of a science, the best practices and other innovative projects in vegetable growing and potato growing. References on ph. (0652) 27-65-64, 26-08-79.
CYPLYAK, leading expert of department of plant growing of KGA UKTs.