In this publication it is a question of the main directions of realization of innovative policy in agrarian and industrial complex system. The perspective element of innovative system – a technological cluster is offered.
The main measures of the state support of innovative system, including measure providing inflow of extrabudgetary funds at all stages of innovative process are created. The Klasterny approach to innovative activity will allow to increase efficiency of interaction of a private sector, public institutions and credit structures.
Innovative policy in agrarian and industrial complex, being a component of an agrarian policy of the state, it is developed with a view of systematic development of innovative activity in agroindustrial production. Its main task – complete realization of possibilities scientifically – technical potential for technical and technological updating of national agroindustrial production.
The main directions of realization of innovative policy in agrarian and industrial complex treat:
- formation of the general structure of the agrarian and industrial complex branch innovative system;
- formation of the steady organizational and economic mechanism of management and stimulation of development of innovative processes at all levels;
- improvement of standard legal support of innovative activity with a view of stimulation of research and development works, introduction in production of new grades of agricultural plants and breeds of animal, high resource-saving technologies, biological means of protection of plants from wreckers and diseases.
The economic mechanism of management and stimulation of development of innovative processes includes financial, credit, investment, price, insurance policy and stimulation of reproduction of material base of the sphere of innovative activity.
Legal basis of activity of innovative system in agrarian and industrial complex – laws, presidential decrees of Ukraine, the resolution of Cabinet council of Ukraine, the standards connected with scientific and innovative activity and their major result – intellectual property.
The structure of the agrarian and industrial complex innovative system consists of two subsystems: state innovative subsystem of agrarian and industrial complex and innovative subsystem of non-state sector of economy of agrarian and industrial complex.
Each subsystem includes the scientific and educational organizations, innovative agricultural enterprises, their associations, the unions and clusters, infrastructure of financing, crediting, material support, advice centers and information and consulting services, insurance companies, infrastructure of the account and management of intellectual property.
Practically all structural elements of the agrarian and industrial complex innovative system function now as the isolated subjects of innovative activity.
Technological clusters became a new, perspective element of the agrarian and industrial complex innovative system. Clusters usually are understood as geographically localized set of the independent enterprises, scientific and educational institutions, services organizing science and production interaction.
The Klasterny approach to the organization of innovative activity allows to increase efficiency of interaction of a private sector, the public scientific and educational institutions and credit structures.
The state support of formation of innovative system, according to the author, should be mainly focused on ensuring large-scale inflow of extrabudgetary funds. It will allow to create favorable conditions for activization of credit, leasing and other financial instruments of market economy in innovative processes.
The main sources of financing of innovations there are own means of the enterprises. It occurs because it is not enough budgetary funds, and off-budget it is difficult to involve. The credits of banks short-term also are given under high percent while innovative projects are expensive and long-term. Such credit conditions constrain development of innovative activity.
For operative replenishment of current assets of the innovative enterprises expediently, the author considers, creation of system of short-term preferential crediting of innovative projects.
Stimulation can consist in compensation to agricultural enterprises of a part of expenses for development of innovations. This mechanism can be realized by a way of financing of research and development on introduction of innovations, and sources of innovations will be state funded organizations, and agricultural enterprise – to represent itself as sozayavitel of such projects. As a result of such support agricultural enterprises can reduce considerably the expenses connected with development of results of research and development works, transferring a part of functions on their performance of scientific research institute. At the same time suppliers of innovations will be involved in engineering procedure on creation of a final competitive product.
Support of cooperation of managing subjects with world leaders in the sphere of innovative technologies can become the essential direction of development of innovative activity.
Significant factor of formation of clusters in world practice were large budgetary orders for production delivery for the state needs. Considering a state order from this point of view, it is necessary to note that orientation to domestic producers in many cases is more expedient, than involvement of competitive foreign suppliers.
Preferential terms of the taxation of subjects of innovative system and especially clusters in territories with high concentration of scientific and technical potential can become some kind of magnet drawing external investors and world leaders of the market of agricultural production.
Agrarian and industrial complex innovative system formation in the form of innovative fund will allow to create conditions for target planning of results of research and development, effective use budgetary and extrabudgetary funds of financing of innovative activity of subjects of system, production of competitive production of agrarian and industrial complex, that is transfer of a grocery subcomplex of agrarian and industrial complex to an innovative way of development.
(On magazine materials agrarian and industrial complex: economy, management)