To publications there is a speech about technical and technological re-equipment of agricultural production. Obsolete, physically worn-out material base doesn’t provide introduction of progressive technologies in production of agricultural production.
The equipment and technologies which will provide increase several times labor productivity at decrease in expenses of material and energy resources on a unit of production is necessary to the Ukrainian village.
By calculations of scientific institutions on reproduction of material base of agrarian sector and maintenance of its technical readiness it is necessary annually for 22-24 billion UAH.
Production of agricultural production takes a powerful place in economy of Ukraine. At different stages of its development there were with concentration about 12 % of the fixed business assets, over 15 % of an internal gross product were developed. In the course of change of the relations of a property and transition to market economy the agricultural industry underwent essential destructive influence of reforming.
The sharp increase dispariteta the prices for industrial and agricultural output led to loss of its material base – bases of scientific and technical progress of branch, then the technological level of production of agricultural production decreased, volumes of its production and competitiveness decreased.
The analysis of data of monitoring of the market testifies that the prices for material and energy resources annually increase, and on agricultural production – practically don’t change, because of what equivalence of an exchange is broken. Dynamics of the prices for other means and mineral fertilizers in relation to the prices for agricultural products is similar. It led to a considerable increase of a share of material and energy resources in prime cost of agricultural production.
In economically developed countries of the world the part of expenses for material resources and services of an industrial origin reaches 70-80 % of prime cost of agricultural production. It is caused by high level of technological and agrochemical service without what scientifically to prove conducting agrarian production it is impossible. In Ukraine factors of an intensification of agricultural production operate in limited scales as agricultural enterprises lost solvent demand for material resources and services in technological and agrochemical service. In comparison with 1990 the factor of updating of machine and tractor park and amount of the brought mineral fertilizers in 2000 decreased in 10 times and more. In 2005 the amount of the brought mineral fertilizers increased, but was in 4,4 times less, than in 1990. The machine and tractor park of agricultural enterprises continues to decrease and morally to grow old. Obsolete, physically worn-out material base doesn’t provide introduction of progressive technologies in production of agricultural production which remains trudozatratny and resursoyemky.
Nowadays scientific and technical progress in the world develops high rates in the sphere of technologies of cultivation of crops. According to foreign economists, technological innovations provide a gain of 70-75 % of gross domestic product.
In modern conditions simply new equipment, and such material base which will provide labor productivity increase several times is necessary for agricultural industry not. Its formation is possible only on the basis of means of the new generation which parameters are focused on providing favorable conditions of growth and development of plants, achievement of their high efficiency at the minimum costs of the live and substantiated work of a unit of production.
Natural working conditions of functioning of machine and tractor units in Ukraine are characterized by a big variety and dynamism. As a result of reforming of the relations of a property in agrarian sector on a place of the former collective farms small agrarian formations of different forms of ownership and volumes of land tenure were formed many. On datas of statistics, in agricultural industry on number small agrarian formations with the land use area to 50 hectares prevail. In the Steppe over 1500 hectares there are more than farms with the land use area.
Such structure of agrarian formations needs the corresponding standard sizes of the means which use will be effective in zone conditions. Nevertheless the aspiration to satisfy need of all created agrarian formations will lead to growth of quantity of a tiporazmerny number of cars that will demand increase in investments into creation and development of production of a big set of agricultural machinery. By researches it is established and with a know-how it is confirmed that more effective are shirokozakhvatny machine and tractor units and units on the basis of the combined multioperational cars and tractors of the big individual capacity, provided in sufficient amounts of works within a year. Effective use of such MTA is provided in farms with the big areas of land use. Therefore in agrarian sector it is possible to call the perspective direction of development of the relations specialization and concentration of production which will provide: formation of the competitive agrarian enterprises; the production organization on self-support and self-financing principles; concentration of material resources and more their effective use; reduction of requirement for equipment and machine operators for performance of all complex of works in optimum terms with the set quality; remaintaining branch on an innovative stage of development.
The quantity of farms of this kind annually increases in Ukraine. They are created by commercial structures on lease-hold lands which form the material and technological bases on the basis of foreign technologies and equipment.
By NNTs calculations Institute of agrarian economy and NNTs Institute of mechanization and electrification of agricultural industry, on reproduction of material base of agrarian sector and maintenance of its technical readiness at level of 90-92 % (on a price level of this year on domestic agricultural machinery) it is necessary annually for 22-24 billion UAH., that will make 527-575 UAH. on 1 hectare of agricultural holdings.
According to the Federal Government of Germany, in 1996/1997-2004/2005 the average volume of investments into equipment and the equipment in agricultural enterprises which gave profit, made 199 euros for 1 hectare of agricultural holdings that at the rate of National Bank of Ukraine makes about 1345 UAH/hectares of agricultural holdings. In 2006 agricultural producers of Ukraine got technicians (according to informal data) for the sum about 1,7 billion UAH., that makes only 40,8 UAH. on 1 hectare of agricultural holdings and almost in 33 times it is less, than in agricultural enterprises of Germany. Such rates of technical re-equipment of agrarian sector threaten with loss of material base and food security of the state.
The main reason for insufficient volumes of investments into development of material base of the agrarian enterprises, authors consider, there is a low level of profitability of production and an erroneous amortization and tax policy. Means for reproduction of material base of the agrarian enterprises should collect at the expense of transferring on production of a part of cost of fixed assets which take part in its production, and profit on a production activity. Nevertheless, amortization of fixed assets in agricultural enterprises – conditional and practically doesn’t influence results of economic activity as agricultural enterprises pay the fixed agricultural tax, instead of the profits tax. Thus, it is necessary to note that base of charge of amortization insufficient for reproduction of machine and tractor park. Residual cost of cars and the equipment in agrarian sector makes about 10 billion UAH. At norm of amortization charges of 15 % the sum of a sinking fund will make only 1,5 billion UAH. By calculations of economists, the agrarian enterprises can direct over 0,5 billion more UAH on reproduction of machine and tractor park. from profit on a production activity. So, total amount of possible investments doesn’t exceed 2 billion UAH.
According to existing regulations the added sum of amortization separately don’t consider, and use as current assets, instead of on a designated purpose. Under these conditions, according to authors, without the state support and the corresponding standard and legal settlement crisis overcoming in technical providing the agrarian enterprises is quite problematic. Low solvent demand for agricultural machinery led to reduction of volumes of its production at the enterprises of agricultural mechanical engineering, their capacities are nowadays loaded for 20-30 %. Dealers of leading world firms and different commercial structures which deliver to Ukraine equipment from the secondary markets of Western Europe and America used current situation. Volumes of sale of difficult import technique annually increase and in 2006 exceeded 1,5 billion UAH. or 90 % of total amounts of sales. The Ukrainian landowners invest the industry of countries of Western Europe, and the Ukrainian agricultural mechanical engineering perishes, his workers lose workplaces, scientific and technical progress doesn’t develop in branches.
Defining factor of innovative development of agrarian sector is its material base. Completing MTP with equipment of a high technological level, landowners will create preconditions for progressive development. To the Ukrainian village are necessary equipment and technologies which will provide increase several times labor productivity at decrease in expenses of material and energy resources on a unit of production. Transition of agrarian sector to an innovative stage of development needs appropriate scientific providing.
The main task of an agrarian science at the present stage is development of machine technologies of new generation which will give the chance to keep biological and ecological equilibrium in the nature and will provide reduction of expenses of all types of resources by a unit of production, increase of its quality and competitiveness.
On magazine materials V_snik agrarian ї sciences.