In article the feeding system is described at cultivation of calfs, in preparation of their transition to rough forages.
UDC 636
It is necessary to give special attention to the period when at a calf ability of consumption of large volume of a forage is put. It makes solving impact on the subsequent efficiency of animals. Was considered that the earlier the calf starts to eat rough forages (hay), the quicker its digestive system passes to poligastrichny type of functioning. The last researches of the Dutch scientists in the field of cultivation of calfs introduce amendments in the developed system.
At a newborn calf the hem makes a half of volume of all stomach, and its wall smooth, as paper. In formation of a hem of a calf important as development of its walls (formation of an absorbing fleecy surface) and increase in volume.
The fibers absorbing nutrients, start to appear on hem walls at consumption of solids. And the hem will quicker be created, the it is possible to stop a milk diet of a calf earlier.
However, if to transfer it from milk on a dry feed with an underdeveloped hem, the animal will lag behind in growth.
In a hem of a calf flying fat acids are formed at a fermentation of forages: from rough, with the high maintenance of cellulose – acetic acid, from the grain containing starch and sugar, - generally propionic and oil acids. Oil acid is an absorbing surface of a hem limiting in formation. Presence at a diet of calfs legkoperevarimy starch and sugars gives an impulse for growth and development of microflora of a hem.
It is more preferable to feed to a calf of a forage with low the maintenance of cellulose and the high content of starch and sugar, i.e. grain.
At transfer of a calf to dry feeds, it is necessary for it to provide access to water without which process of a fermentation of organic substances in a hem is impossible. The calf with completely created hem is recommended to give rough forages with 4-6 – j weeks. Extent of development of a hem determine by amount of grain or the concentrates eaten by a calf in days. As soon as their daily consumption will reach 800-900 g, it is possible to start to enter hay into a diet.
The offered system of feeding at cultivation of calfs allows to stimulate essentially development of an absorbing surface of a hem (fibers), and then to increase hem volume under the influence of cellulose of rough forages. Such technology gives the chance to reduce a milk diet of a calf to 5-6 week age without decrease in efficiency further.
(On magazine materials Dairy and meat cattle breeding).