In the publication it is a question of decrease in straw for production of heat and obtaining energy in special coppers. Researchers and practicians work over technologies which will give the chance to burn straw together with coal. New technologies confirmed economic and ecological efficiency: emissions of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur decreased for 40 %, decrease in emissions of CO2 will make 3,95 million tons
"Biomass", energy potential of straw in Ukraine makes 2,4 million tons at. t. in a year. Use of this potential will give the chance to establish in Ukraine over 11 thousand solomoszhigayemy coppers of 0,1-1 MWt at the same time with about 700 coppers for the centralized heat supply.
Table 4
(Termination. Beginning No. 37, No. 38)
Table 3
Copper characteristics for burning big pakov straw (Dom agrofirm, page. Thrushes of Kiev region)
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Placement potential in Ukraine of solomoszhigatelny coppers
In heatgenerators as it is possible to use fuel and a wood waste, tyrsu, shaving, torfobrikety.
The room isn’t necessary for installation of the heatgenerator. If there is a ready base, installation and adjustment of the unit will last one day.
Councils to the buyer
On the average 2,9 tons of straw replace 1000 m3 natural gases. At a heatgenerator choice on capacity, it is necessary to be guided by such parameters: It is necessary for 1 kW of capacity for heating 10 m2ploshhadi at height of a ceiling no more than 3,5 meters.
The license equipment isn’t cheaper than the analogs of the European firms. If there is a desire to burn straw only for economic needs, it is necessary to pay attention to production of national production.
It is a question of TGS series heatgenerators. By means of these units it is possible to receive energy in the form of warm atmospheric air at the expense of burning of the straw pressed in bales. On these heatgenerators the quantity of thermal energy when burning 1 ton of straw, is equivalent to quantity of energy, which obrazovyvaetsya when burning 366 m3 natural gases or 316 kg of fuel oil.
Teplogeneratori can be maintained together with dryers of grain and a croup. Two such, for example, established on a zernosushilny complex in the village of Aleksandrovka of the Kalanchaksky region of the Kherson area.
Also units can be used for round-the-clock heating of production and cattle-breeding rooms, hangars, garages, joiner’s, etc.
Loading of bales, depending on weight, is carried out manually, a loader or a tractor pitchfork. Ashes get out manually.
Traditions with prospect
The German company Choren Sndustries together with the British petrogiant of Shell till the end of 2007 in the German city of Freiberg will start in work plant on production of biofuel of the second generation, capacity of 15 thousand tons in a year. As raw materials for production of synthetic fuel straw and wood sawdust will serve.
The project will cost not less as half a billion euros. Being guided by the statement of representatives of the mentioned companies, the newspaper writes that plant biofuel in Frayberzi at prime cost will be almost such, as well as from usual oil. And, in the companies hope that the price can even decrease, if volumes of straw and sawdust increase (design capacity of plant – 200 thousand tons of biofuel for a year). Initiators of construction of plant are also convinced that the real boom on production of biofuel is necessary for the twentieth years of 21 centuries.
Fuel from cellulose of the pozhnivny remains
The department of power industry of the USA in the report reported recently: From the power and ecological point of view grain ethanol obviously surpasses all types of fuel from fossil raw materials. And the ethanol made from a biomass (cellulose), will be the following considerable step forward. As as raw materials for cellulose ethanol stalks of corn, a grass, sawdust, a bark of trees, etc. serve. And these raw materials won’t be the competitor to food production.
Straw on fuel. Practice of neighbors
In Poland about 26 million tons of straw in a year are developed. By recent time it was remote for burning. For today, thanks to modern designs of coppers which are adapted for burning of straw and biofuel, their efficiency reaches 80-90 %.
Since the beginning of the 90th years of such coppers in Poland over ten units in capacity from 0,5 to 3,5 MWt, and also some hundred coppers which are loaded by straw, by capacity from 25 to 500 kW that are used as a power source in small housing estates and medium-sized enterprises, greenhouses and one-marital homes are established.
Straw burning in Poland is economic and thanks to state assistance. Replacement of coal boiler rooms on such that work at firewood and straw, answer the law on support of termomodernizovany actions. The law allows to obtain the credit for acquisition of a biocopper and a termomodernizatsionny award. The financial help is carried out in this case by some public institutions.
At several Polish institutes the question of briquetting of straw was studied. At selection of the corresponding methods and parameters, such technology can be quite highly profitable.
Except high investment expenses, in favor of straw use in power points to very low cost of straw, its preparation which in annual scale are made by 818 Polish zloties, at 1610 Polish zloties for a tree and 2062 Polish zloties for coal.
Formula of new automobile fuel
The Chinese scientists developed technology of receiving from straw and other biomass of fuel for internal combustion engines, about it Xinhua reports, being guided by information received from Institute of physical and chemical equipment of Academy of Sciences of China.
According to Xinhua, the new technology was used in experiments with 15-ma types of a biomass – rice and wheaten straw, stalks of a bavovnik, beans, corn, batatu, oil cultures, and also with foliage and wood sawdust. On heat allocation new synthetic fuel doesn’t concede to standard diesel fuel – scientists speak. In China 720 million tons of straw are annually developed.
(On newspaper materials Agrob_znes sogodn i).