On February 14 the current year on the basis of the Crimean experimental station of gardening meeting took place. On it questions of a gardening condition in farms of the Crimea and prospects of its development were considered. Besides, the decision on strengthening of cooperation of scientific leaders of research institutions and specialists of agro-industrial complex was made.
COMMUNICATION of the SCIENCE WITH PRODUCTION GROWS STRONGER
On taken place on December 7, 2006 in the Simferopol district state administration the meeting was decided to strengthen cooperation of leaders research and the AR Crimea educational institutions to conclude contracts on performance and introduction of research development, granting by scientists to agro-industrial complex of scientific and technical information.
Today contracts on revival and modernization of gardening and wine growing, production of grain, efiromaslichny, medicinal crops and development of animal husbandry are already signed between regional management of the Agrarian Party of Russia and a science.
In the Simferopol area at the initiative of RUAPR the Program of scientific providing agrarian and industrial complex of the area is developed. Mechanisms of introduction of provisions of the Program in production were defined on taken place on February 14 the current year at the initiative of the head of department of the Agrarian Party of Russia of the Simferopol area V. N. Zakalichnogo meeting of a round table. It was carried out on the basis of the Crimean experimental station of gardening. The subject was discussed: An existing condition of gardening in farms of the area and prospect of its development. Heads and specialists of regional management of agroindustrial development, heads and research associates of KOSS, heads of gardening farms, advisers for the Simferopol area from KGA UKTs, the head of department of Ukrgiprosad institute, the regional representative of Arsenal-Kemi firm were invited.
Opening meeting the head of department of the Agrarian Party of Russia of Century of N of Zakalichny noted that fact that the Crimea on the climatic conditions along with Transnistria exclusively favorable region for the pear cultivation which specific weight in existing plantings, unfortunately, isn’t high. Fruits semechkovy, grown up in the Crimea, possess higher flavoring qualities, than grown up in other regions of Ukraine. They are in demand raised and can serve as important article of export, to be incentive in strengthening of economy of our republic. In the majority of the regions of the Crimea conditions are favorable for cultivation of excellent grades of sweet cherry. In recent times the Crimea was famous for the plantings of the peach which specific weight reached 70 % of all area of plantings of kostochkovy breeds. Sweet cherry and a peach were highly remunerative cultures. However in recent years the branch fell into decay. The areas of gardens are steadily reduced. From 76,9 thousand hectares in the 1985th, in their 2005 there were 21 thousand hectares, that is decreased in 3,7 times and continue to be reduced. More than a third from the remained need a raskorchevka, as old started with the expired term of operation. It concerns also plantings and the Simferopol area. Reduction of the areas of gardens considerably exceeds their bookmark.
The situation which has developed in branch forces to look for new ways in establishing order. It is necessary to consider experience of modern European and world gardening which is based on cultivation of skoroplodny, high-yielding grades on a bezvirusny basis, with application of rational systems of formation and scraps of trees. New highly productive grades should be grown up on adapted for conditions of the Crimea stocks. Only thus it is possible to achieve consumption of krymchaniny 100 kg of fruits by everyone annually, to satisfy needs for fruits of vacationers for our health resorts. Taking into account our today’s economic condition to solve these problems it is possible only joint efforts of production workers and scientific gardeners with full support of the state.
The director of the Crimean experimental station of gardening A.I.Sotnik and his deputy for scientific work, the manager of selection and sortoizucheniye department, the candidate of agricultural sciences of R. D. Babin noted that despite the heaviest conditions of a survival in Perestroika years the personnel scientific potential of staff of station is kept. Today its collective is ready to introduction and scientific support of recommendations and development of the employees in gardening farms of the Crimea.
Now scientists are already ready to start inspection of gardens on contamination diseases and wreckers, to recommend methods of their further use. Inspections will allow to receive also information on a physiological condition of trees, on loading parameters their crop.
KOSS management together with management of agroindustrial development and the Crimean state agrarian educational advice center intends to spend annually Day of the gardener on the basis of demonstration gardens of station, and further is ready to carrying out seminars after a scrap of trees and to acquaintance of experts with new technologies, grades. Recommendations after a scrap, focused on concrete grades prepare.
Diagnostic inspection of the plantings, allowing to reveal contamination degree wreckers and diseases, will give the chance to recommend ways and means for fight against them.
During the vegetative period, from March to August, the science is ready to define humidity in gardens and to recommend terms and watering volumes. From June to October it is planned to define optimum terms sema fruits, to recommend terms sema fruits.
Selectors of station deduced intensive grades of an apple-tree, a pear and berry cultures. These grades are competitive and most adapted for agroclimatic conditions of the Crimea, possess a skoroplodnost, high and stable productivity, stability to mushroom diseases, good marketability of fruits and medical and dietary qualities of fruits.
In assets of station there are highly effective ways of creation of skoroplodny plantings of an apple-tree and a pear, rational schemes of formation and scraps of trees are developed, in their number technologies self-basic, excluding installation of a lane of the dwarfish gardens, allowing to receive a crop of 30 t/hectares and above belong also.
Application of the integrated ekologoshchadyashchy system of protection of fruit and berry plantings from wreckers and diseases will allow to lower pesticidal load of environment in 2-3 times.
Perspective stocks of domestic and foreign selection possess reserved force of growth, high efficiency in matochnik and nurseries.
The station is ready to impart experience storages of fruits of semechkovy and kostochkovy cultures in the conditions of the artificial cold, the regulated and modified gas environment that allows to get profit from 2 to 2,8 thousand UAH. from ton of stored production.
Today the production technology more than 30 names of new types of products of processing from natural raw materials (juice, liqueurs, drinks, nectars, by mashed potatoes, etc.) for dietary and baby food is already fulfilled.
Scientific stations suggest to make a laying of gardens a bezvirusny landing material. For this purpose there are uterine bezvirusny plants of an apple-tree, a pear, wild strawberry and stocks. It will increase stability of trees to adverse conditions of environment and will increase productivity by 30-50 %, term of operation of gardens for 5-10 years is thus extended.
And if there are uterine bezvirusny plants, it is possible to grow up the bezvirusny, revitalized landing material for farms of the Crimea, but the state support, an additional fonansirovaniye are required.
Participants of a round table were acquainted by the representative of KGA UKTs with Minagropolitika Ukrainy # 13-13-4-12/7200′s Letter from 5.05.06 in which are stated obligatory for all who puts new gardens, vineyards and yagodnik of the requirement. Performance them will allow to obtain the credits in bank, in case of need to open financing, to obtain compensation of expenses for design works, preparation of the soil and landing, care of long-term plantings, a construction of a lane and construction of a drop irrigation from means of the State budget.
The standards of expenses approved by Minagropolitiki on making parts of the corresponding works within which expenses of subjects of managing in wine growing, fruit growing and design are compensated were distributed to all.
Century RYABUXA, adviser-organizer of the Simferopol UKO.