In article scientific agriculturist L.Kapusta tells in detail about that, as well as what grades of potatoes should be grown up in a farm, on priusadebny and country sites.
To the truck farmer on a note
To the truck farmer on a note
In recent years in structure of potato growing there were essential changes. Now generally this culture is grown up in farms, on kitchen gardens and country sites. Today about 98 % of the areas taken with potatoes, and are nearly 1,6 million hectares, drops to a private sector. Though on a part of the areas also collect rather big crops of tubers – 350-400 c/hectares, on the prevailing majority of kitchen gardens at an investment of a large number of work, productivity doesn’t exceed 100-120 c in terms of hectare. During too time in world developed countries average productivity of potatoes makes: in Holland – 446, England – 438, the USA – 407, Austria – 325 and Japan – 304 c/hectares.
Than low productivity of this culture in Ukraine is caused? Reasons set. Let’s call only some of them. It first of all use of an unproductive landing material, a mix of grades, delay with landing of tubers, untimely care of plants, unqualified application of fertilizers, means of protection of plants, an untimely sortoobnovleniye and sortosmena.
Important factor of productivity – a grade. Introduction of new modern highly productive grades – the cheapest, most available way of increase of productivity of potatoes. Today in The register of grades of plants of Ukraine it is brought its 107 grades. Among them it is greatest the early – 31,2 %, a little less sredneranny – 30,4 % and mid-season – 26,2 %. Other groups of maturing, srednepozdny and late make 12,2 %. Experimental data show that it is necessary to give advantage to early and sredneranny grades. The crop at these groups of ripeness in June is formed under rather favorable weather conditions, and at grades of late term of maturing – in July, the hottest month. Therefore the crop at early grades for 5,6 % is higher than at sredneranny, for 22,8 % – mid-season and for 42,8 % is higher, than at the late.
On the kitchen garden I grow up early and mid-season grades. It is Povin, Bellaroza, the Slav, Yavir and others.
Povin – a grade deduced at Institute of potato growing of UAAN. Tubers of table appointment, roundish, pink. Pulp cream, not friable, flavoring qualities good. Content of starch of 15-16 %. Mass of a commodity tuber of 74-84 g. One of the best Ukrainian grades, very fruitful. It is recommended for cultivation in all regions of Ukraine.
Bellaroza. It is deduced in Germany. Very early and productive variety. Tubers oval, big, red, pulp pale yellow. Flavoring qualities excellent. The content of starch – 13-15 %. It is steady against a phytophthora. It is recommended for a zone of Polesye and the Forest-steppe.
The Slav – a grade of selection of Institute of potato growing of UAAN with participation of the Dutch grade the Condor. Tubers elongated and oval, big, pink. Differs high productivity and marketability. It is zoned in all soil and climatic zones of Ukraine.
Yavir – a new grade of table appointment. Tubers roundish, yellow, pulp cream, flavoring qualities good. Content of starch of 17-18 %. It is deduced at Institute of potato growing of UAAN. It is recommended for cultivation in all zones of Ukraine.
On productivity the specified grades in seasons 2005 and 2006 took place so: Yavir, Povin, Bellaroza and Slav.
Productivity of potatoes is influenced strongly by terms of landing of tubers. As practice shows, they need to be landed as soon as possible. When landing tubers in early optimum terms the crop raises for 25-30 %. The important role is played also by depth of seal of tubers the soil. It should make 8-10 cm at norm of landing of small tubers (mass of 25-40 g) – 15-16 kg and large (mass of 60-100 g) – 30-35 kg. Thus, use of a high-quality landing material of intensive grades allows to solve a problem of productivity of this culture considerably.
Experience shows that on a kitchen garden, a country site it is necessary to grow up some grades of potatoes. It allows to define, what of them most resemble for cultivation in concrete soil climatic conditions.
For reproduction it is not obligatory to buy a large number of a landing material. It is enough to have only some kgs quickly to multiply a perspective grade for the kitchen garden or a country site. For this purpose there are the ways allowing essentially to increase factor of reproduction of potatoes. The most acceptable – reproduction by layers or sprouts (sprouts).
If have desire to grow up modern grades of potatoes or to receive consultation on technology of cultivation of this culture write to the address: 07854, Tekhnikumovskaya St., 2/4, settlement Nemeshayevo-1, Borodyansky area, Kiev Region of Ph.: (04477) 41-8-44
L.Kapusta, scientist-agriculturist.