The main requirements to the combined tools for soil processing with simultaneous introduction of fertilizer on vineyards are stated and their main technical characteristics are given.
UDC 634
Efficiency of introduction of the combined tools on the care of vineyards and a shkolka is provided with observance of the following main requirements:
– power consumption of engineering procedure which is carried out by the combined unit, less general power consumption of performance of technological operations by one-operational tools;
– productivity of the combined units not below this indicator of a complex of the replaced one-operational cars;
– the working costs of the combined tools shouldn’t exceed working costs of a complex of one-operational cars.
It is expedient to form the combined units for such technological operations which performance coincides both on terms of carrying out work, and on productivity of one-operational tools.
Proceeding from it, researches are carried out to NNTs IBIV of Tairov and the combined tools are developed for soil processing with simultaneous introduction of mineral fertilizers on vineyards and for production of a landing material of grapes which to destination can be grouped on:
– tools for soil preparation under landing of grape saplings, chubukov and shhep in a grape shkolka;
– adaptations for deep loosening of the soil and updating plantazha;
– soil-cultivating tools for cultivation and soil loosening.
One of the progressive directions of technologies of landing of grapes – replacement of a plantazhny plowed land by deep bezotvalny strip loosening of the soil by depth to 0,6m in the area of landing of plantings of saplings NVF "Science" (Odessa), development for this MMP tool – 0,8 c simultaneous milling of the top layer of earth. When developing such tool there was a need for the unit equipment tukopodayushchy system for introduction of mineral fertilizers on depth to 0,45m in two strips for lateral rykhlitel of a soil-cultivating bracket.
Short technical characteristics of MPP – 0.8:
– depth of loosening of the soil, m – to 0,6;
– type of working bodies soil-cultivating bracket, active vertical mills;
– a drive of working bodies and tukopodayushchy system hydraulic from system of a tractor and independent system of the tool;
– norm of introduction of mineral fertilizers, kg/hectare – to 500;
– an agregatirovaniye – a class 3 tractor;
– working speed, km/h – to 5,0.
Under a grape shkolka with simultaneous entering of mineral fertilizers into NNTs IVIV of Tairov is developed for realization of the mechanized formation of soil beds the combined soil-cultivating tool which carries out local loosening of the soil on depth to 0,6m.
Short technical characteristics of the tool:
– quantity of processed ryadok – 1
– depth of local loosening, m – to 0,6
– norm of introduction of mineral fertilizers, kg/hectare – to 500
– an agregatirovaniye – a class 2 or 3 tractor
– working speed, km/h – to 5,0
Considerable efficiency of use of a grape rykhlitel of RV-3 which working crane looks like a soil-cultivating bracket is under production conditions established. For a rykhlitel two options of tukopodayushchy adaptations are developed for introduction of mineral fertilizers:
– on the basis of two KMH tukovysevayushchy devices – the 65th general capacity to 130 dm3;
– on the basis of tukopodayushchy system of a glubokorykhlitel of KPG – 2,2 with the bunker in capacity to 450dm3.
In view of existence in vinogradorsky farms of rather reliable cultivator – a rykhlitel of KRV-3, there was a requirement of the equipment its tukopadayushchy adaptation. For this purpose devices KMH – 65 are used. In a design of a drive of tukopodayushchy mechanisms the OMR hydromotor – 100 with a regulator of a consumption of the MPG working liquid – 55-12 for smooth regulation of norm of introduction of mineral fertilizers is used.
In JSC Poligon Plant (Odessa) production of various tools for wine growing is adjusted. In particular, KNV cultivator is developed for soil processing in row-spacings and ranks of vineyards – 3. Here its technical characteristics:
– width of row-spacings which is processed, m – 3,0
– depth of cultivation, cm – 8-12
– depth of loosening, cm – to 20
– norm of introduction of mineral fertilizers on feed, kg/hectare – to 350
– working speed, km/h – 5
– an agregatirovaniye – a tractor of C. 1,4 and 2,0
Concerning soil processing on a grape shkolka it is necessary to note the USh-22 universal car which is intended for performance of a complex of works in row-spacings and feeds of a grape shkolka. However, the tukopodayushchy system of this tool with a drive from basic wheels, as a rule, doesn’t provide stability of process and often fails for various reasons. Therefore modernization of the tukopodayushchy device of this tool, proceeding from modern experience of development of tukopodayushchy adaptations was made.
Short technical characteristics of USh – 2,2:
– depth of cultivation, cm – 10
– depth of loosening, cm – 20-25
– quantity of processed row-spacings – 2
– working speed, km/h – 5,0-6,0
– norm of application of fertilizers, cm – to 20
– an agregatirovaniye – a tractor of C. 2
According to requirements of modern technologies of care of a grape shkolka of JSC Poligon Plant and NNTs IVIV of Tairov in common developed the combined cultivator for soil processing with simultaneous introduction of mineral fertilizers on a vineyard and a shkolka. Here its characteristic:
– width of row-spacings of a shkolka, m – 1,1-1,3
– depth of cultivation, cm – to 10
– depth of loosening of the soil, cm – to 25
– working speed, km/h – 5-6
– norm of introduction of mineral fertilizers, kg/hectare – to 350
– an agregatirovaniye – a tractor klassa2
Annual economic effect of use of the combined soil-cultivating tools, compared with serial cars and classical production technologies of grapes and grape saplings, made, UAH.:
– on use of the upgraded MPP tool – 0,8 – 4200
– the combined tool for soil preparation under landing of a grape shkolka – 3700
– a glubokorykhlitel of RV – 3 with tukopodayushchy system – 3500
– a cultivator – a rykhlitel vineyard, equipped with the tukopodayushchy adaptation – 4300
– a cultivator for care of a shkolka with simultaneous introduction of mineral fertilizers – 700
(On magazine materials Equipment of agrarian and industrial complex).